chapter 12 Flashcards
a strong belief or feeling toward people, things, and situations
attitude
management attitude that believes that employees dislike work and must be closely supervised to get them to work
theory X
management attitude that believes that employees like to work and do not need to be closely supervised to get them to work
theory y
supervisors’ attitudes and their expectations of employees and how they treat them largely determine their performance
Pygmalion effect
helpful tips to improve others’ attitudes:
give feedback, accentuate the positive, provide consequences, be a positive role model
what are the seven determinants of job satisfaction?
the work itself
pay and benefits
growth and upward mobility
supervision
coworkers
job security
attitude toward work
how is self-concept formed?
your thoughts and feelings about yourself as well as other peoples thoughts, feelings, and actions towards you
your overall attitude about yourself
self-concept
you belief in your capability to perform in a specific situation
self-efficacy
occurs when your expectations affect your success or failiure
self-fulfilling prophecy
ones perceptions of the reasons for behavior
attribution
general guidelines on building a positive self concept:
learning from mistakes
accept and bounce back from failures
control negative emotions and thinking
tap into your spirituality
what are the three steps to the three part action plan?
identify your strengths and areas that need improvement
set short-term and long-term goals and visualize them
develop a habit plan and implement it
the things we have worth for or are important to an individual
values
set of standards by which an individual lives
value system
t or f: attitudes can change easier than deeply held values
true
guidelines for leading from a spiritual perspective
know yourself (watch your reactions)
act with authenticity (be yourself)
respect and honor the beliefs of others
be as trusting as you can (listen to your inner voice)
maintain a spiritual practice
expression of standards of right and wrong based on conduct and morals in a particular society
ethics
refers to our thinking, feeling, and behaving ethically, or not
moral development
what are the three levels to moral development?
preconventional
conventional
postconventional
level of moral development that means social contract orientation; refers to universal ethical principles and following ethical principles despite what culture or law condones
postconventional
level of moral development that means doing what the majority does; following the norms of your culture and adhering authority and maintaining social-order
conventional
level of moral development that is punishment or reward oriented; self-interest oriented and getting what one needs but by following the rules (being obedient to avoid punishment)
preconventional
what affects ethical behavior?
personality traits and attitudes, moral development, and the situation
what are ways that people justify unethical behavior?
there’s always someone doing worse (advantageous comparison)
displacement of responsibility (only following orders)
diffusion of responsibility (if the whole group is doing it)
disregard or distortion of consequences (minimizing the harm done and feeling you won’t get punished)
what is the golden rule regarding ethical decisions?
do unto others
what is the stakeholders approach regarding ethical decisions?
is it a win-win for all involved?
what is the four-way test regarding ethical decisions?
is it the truth?
is it fair to all?
will it build good relationships?
will it benefit all involved?
what is discernment and advice in regards to ethical decisions?
refer to guidelines and advice from those with high standards
what is the application of ethical guides in regards to ethical decisions?
use ethical guides to help keep you honest
decisions made based on the standard of that country
relativism
managers should make the same ethical decisions across countries
universalism
