Chapter 12 Vocab

Question 1

denotative meaning

Answer 1

the literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase

Question 2

connotative meaning

Answer 2

the meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase

Question 3

concrete words

Answer 3

words that refer to tangible objects

Question 4

abstract words

Answer 4

words that refer to ideas or concepts

Question 5

clutter

Answer 5

discourse that takes many more words than are necessary to express an idea

Question 6

imagery

Answer 6

the use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideas

Question 7

rhythm

Answer 7

the pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words

Question 8

parallelism

Answer 8

the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences

Question 9

antithesis

Answer 9

the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure

Question 10

inclusive language

Answer 10

language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, or other factors

Question 11

generic “he”

Answer 11

the use of the word “he” to refer to both women and men (should be avoided)

Question 12

ways to use language clearly

Answer 12

• use familiar words
• choose concrete words
• eliminate verbal clutter

Question 13

most important ways to use language vividly

Answer 13

• imagery

- rhythm

Question 14

ways to generate imagery

Answer 14

• concrete words
• simile
• metaphor

Question 15

ways to improve rhythm

Answer 15

• parallelism
• repetition
• alliteration
• antithesis

Question 16

what should language be appropriate to?

Answer 16

• the occasion
• the audience
• the topic
• the speaker

Question 17

ways to use inclusive language

Answer 17

• avoid generic “he”
• avoid use of “man” when referring to both men and women
• avoid stereotyping jobs and social roles by gender
• use names that groups use to identify themselves