chapter 12 test

Question 1

afferent division

Answer 1

carries sensory info from PNS to CNS

Question 2

efferent division

Answer 2

carries motor commands from CNS t PNS

Question 3

somatic nervous system

Answer 3

controls voluntary and involuntary muscle skeletal contractions (efferent)

Question 4

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 4

controls subconscious actions, contractions of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, and glanduar secretions

Question 5

sympathetic division (ANS)

Answer 5

stimulating effect

Question 6

parasympathetic (ANS)

Answer 6

relaxing effect

Question 7

perikaryon

Answer 7

neuron cytoplasm

Question 8

cytoskeleton

Answer 8

neurofilaments and neurotubules

Question 9

neurofibrils

Answer 9

bundles of neurofilaments that provide support for dendrites and axon

Question 10

NISSL BODIES

Answer 10

dense areas of RER and ribosomes that make neural tissue appear gray

Question 11

axoplasm

Answer 11

cytoplasm of axon

Question 12

axolemma

Answer 12

specialized cell membrane tht covers the axoplasm

Question 13

anaxonic neurons

Answer 13

small, all cell processes look alike, found in brain and sense organs

Question 14

bipolar neurons

Answer 14

smal, 1 dendrite, 1 axon, found in special sensory organs (sight, mell, hearing)

Question 15

unipolar neurons

Answer 15

pseudounipolar neurons, very long axons w fused dendrite and axon and cell body off to the side, found in sensory neurons of PNS

Question 16

multipolar neurons

Answer 16

long axons, multiple dendrites and 1 axon, common in the CNS and includes all skeletal muscle motor neurons

Question 17

sensory neurons

Answer 17

affernt neurons of the PNS, unipolar, monitor internal environment (visceral sensory neurons) and external environment (somatic sensory neurons)

Question 18

interceptors

Answer 18

sensory receptor that monitors internal systems (digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, reproductive) and internal senses (taste, deep pressure, and pain)

Question 19

exteroceptors

Answer 19

sensory receptors for external senses (touch, temp, pressure) and distance senses (sight, smell, and hearing)

Question 20

proprioceptors

Answer 20

sensory receptor that monitors position and movement

Question 21

motor neuron

Answer 21

efferent neuron of PNS, part of somatic nervous sys, autonomic nervous sys, uses 2 groups of efferent axons-preganglionic and postgangliotic fibers

Question 22

interneurons

Answer 22

association neurons located in brain, spinal cord, and autonomic ganglia, responsible for dist of sensory info and motor coordination, involved in memory, planning , and learning

Question 23

4 types of neuroglia

Answer 23

ependymal cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia

Question 24

ependymal cells

Answer 24

cells w highly branched process, contact neuroglia directly, form epithelium (ependyma), line central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of the brain, secretes cerebral spinal fluid

Question 25

astrocytes

Answer 25

large cell bodies w many processes, maintain blood brain barrier

Question 26

oligodendocytes

Answer 26

smaller cell bodies w fewer processes, myelinate CNS axons, provide structural framework

Question 27

microglia

Answer 27

migrate through neural tissue cleaning up debris, wase products, and pathogens

Question 28

satellite cells

Answer 28

amphicytes, surround ganglia and reg. environment around neuron

Question 29

Schwann cells

Answer 29

neurilemma cells, form myelin sheath

Question 30

5 main membrane processes

Answer 30

1. resting potential 2. graded potential 3. action potential 4.synaptic activity 5. information processing

Question 31

passive channels

Answer 31

leak channels, always open, permeability changes w conditions

Question 32

4 steps in generation of action potentials

Answer 32

1. depolariztion to threashold
2. activation of Na channels
3. inactivation of Na channels and activation of K channels
4. return to normal permeability

Question 33

Type A fibers

Answer 33

myelinated, large diameter, high speed, carry info to/from CNS, position, touch, balance, and motor impulses

Question 34

Type B fibers

Answer 34

myelinated, med diameter, medium speed, sensory info, periphreral effectors

Question 35

Type C fibers

Answer 35

unmyelinated, small diameter, slow speed, involuntary muscle, gland control

Question 36

excitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 36

cause depolarization and promote action potentials

Question 37

inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 37

cause hyperpolarization andsuppress action potentials

Question 38

norepinephrine

Answer 38

released by adrenergic synopses, excitatory and depolarizing effect, fight or flight

Question 39

dopamine

Answer 39

CNS neurotransmitter, may be ecitatory or inhibitory, involed in parkinsons and cocaine use

Question 40

serotonin

Answer 40

CNS neurotransmitter, efects attention and emotional states, converts to melatonin in the brain

Question 41

GABA

Answer 41

always inhibitory, not well understood

Question 42

neuromodulators

Answer 42

other chem released by synaptic terminals, effects are slower to appear and long term

Question 43

neuropeptides

Answer 43

neuromodulators that bind to receptors and activate enzymes

Question 44

opiods

Answer 44

neuromodulators that bind to same receptors as morphine or opium and releeive pain

Question 45

4 classes of opioids

Answer 45

1. endorphins
2. enkephalins
3. endomorphine
4. dynorphins

Question 46

excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Answer 46

graded depolarization of postsynaptic membrane

Question 47

inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

Answer 47

graded hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane