ch 5 quiz

Question 1

What is the usual length of time it takes for a cell to move from the stratum germinativum to the stratum corneum?

a. 2 to 5 years
b. 3 to 4 months
c. 15 to 30 days
d. 4 to 6 weeks

Answer 1

c. 15 to 30 days

Question 2

What accounts for the ability of the dermis to undergo repeated stretching?

a. elastic fibers and skin turgor resilience
b. the amount of reticular fibers and fluid
c. the degree of adipocytes and elastic fibers
d. the presence of sebaceous glands

Answer 2

a. elastic fibers and skin turgor resilience

Question 3

Which of these statements would be consistent with facts about the skin of an elderly person?

a. Typically the skin thins and increases the risk of infection.
b. There can be as much as a 75% decrease in vitamin D production.
c. Immune system function usually declines.
d. All of the above are usually characteristics of the elderly.

Answer 3

d. All of the above usually are characteristics of the elderly.

Question 4

UV radiation striking the skin:

a. can mutate the cells’ DNA and cause cancer.
b. can cause the breakdown of collagen fibers that results in wrinkles later in life.
c. usually impedes the production of vitamin D.
d. Both A and B are correct.

Answer 4

d. Both A and B are correct

Question 5

Some criminals sand the tips of their fingers so as not to leave recognizable fingerprints. Would this practice permanently remove fingerprints? Why or why not?

a. Yes, because the dermal papillae die if exposed.
b. No, because the original ridge pattern regenerates.
c. Yes, because the stratum germinativum thickens, hiding the ridge patterns.
d. No, but completely different ridge patterns will appear with regrowth.

Answer 5

b. No, because the original ridge pattern regenerates.

Question 6

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin?

a. stratum lucidum
b. stratum germinativum
c. stratum spinosum
d. stratum granulosum

Answer 6

a. stratum lucidum

Question 7

Water from interstitial fluids is lost to the surrounding air by what process?

a. inconsequential perspiration
b. interstitial perspiration
c. insensible perspiration
d. immersion perspiration

Answer 7

c. insensible perspiration

Question 8

Why does swimming in fresh water for an extended period cause epidermal swelling?

a. Fresh water is hypotonic to skin cells and moves in by osmosis.
b. Fresh water is hypertonic to skin cells and moves in by osmosis.
c. Stratum germinativum divides rapidly in fresh water.
d. Stratum corneum builds up in fresh water.

Answer 8

a. Fresh water is hypotonic to skin cells and moves in by osmosis.

Question 9

What statement below is true about a skin condition known as vitiligo?

a. It develops due to excessive keloid formation.
b. It is frequently associated with an autoimmune problem.
c. It is a skin disease that can cause dark areas of pigmentation.
d. It is a disease that results from UV radiation.

Answer 9

b. It is frequently associated with an autoimmune problem.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a role of epidermal growth factor?

a. promotes the division of cells in the stratum germinativum
b. accelerates the production of new melanin
c. converts a cholesterol-related steroid to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)
d. stimulates synthetic activity and secretion by epithelial glands

Answer 10

c. converts a cholesterol-related steroid to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)

Question 11

What is the combination of fibrin clots, fibroblasts, and the extensive network of capillaries in healing tissue called?

a. granulation tissue
b. scar
c. scab
d. callus

Answer 11

a. granulation tissue

Question 12

Where would a subcutaneous injection be made in the skin?

a. reticular layer of dermis
b. epidermis
c. papillary layer of dermis
d. hypodermis layer

Answer 12

d. hypodermis layer

Question 13

Why does the skin of a fair-skinned person appear red during exercise in hot weather?

a. Sunlight stimulates erythrocyte production in skin.
b. Sunlight bleaches fair skin, allowing blood to be seen.
c. It’s due to the vasodilation of superficial blood vessels in the skin.
d. Heat stimulates cutaneous blood vessels causing leaks.

Answer 13

c. It’s due to the vasodilation of superficial blood vessels in the skin.

Question 14

What is the clinical significance of a cut in the skin made parallel to lines of cleavage?

a. The cut will likely scar due to severed collagen and elastic fibers.
b. The cut will heal with little scarring because collagen and elastic fibers are located in parallel bundles along lines of cleavage.
c. The papillary and reticular layer of the dermis would become separated from each other.
d. Melanin and carotene will dissipate from the epidermis, leaving a scar.

Answer 14

b. The cut will heal with little scarring because collagen and elastic fibers are located in parallel bundles along lines of cleavage.

Question 15

Two terms for the connective tissue below the dermis are ___. It is made of ___ and its functions include ___.

a. subcutaneous layer and hypodermic layer; elastic tissue and collagen; stretching and recoil
b. hypodermis and subcutaneous layer; areolar and adipose tissue; stabilizing position of the skin
c. hypodermis and deep fascia; adipose and dense irregular tissue; heat production
d. both B and C

Answer 15

b. hypodermis and subcutaneous layer; areolar and adipose tissue; stabilizing position of the skin

Question 16

What are the functions of sebaceous secretions?

a. inhibits the growth of bacteria
b. sebum lubricates and conditions the surrounding skin
c. lubricates and protects the keratin of the hair shaft
d. all of the above

Answer 16

d. all of the above

Question 17

Deodorants are used to mask the effects of secretions from which type of skin gland?

a. ceruminous glands
b. apocrine sweat glands
c. merocrine sweat glands
d. mammary glands

Answer 17

b. apocrine sweat glands

Question 18

Which type of skin glands are most affected by hormonal changes that occur during puberty?

a. ceruminous glands and anal glands
b. sebaceous glands and apocrine sweat glands
c. apocrine sweat glands and mammary glands
d. merocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands

Answer 18

b. sebaceous glands and apocrine sweat glands

Question 19

Nail growth and appearance can be affected by metabolic conditions such that they may appear _______.

a. yellowish with chronic asthma
b. pitted with psoriasis
c. concave with blood disorders
d. all of the above

Answer 19

d. all of the above

Question 20

Nail growth begins at the ________.

a. cuticle
b. hyponychium
c. eponychium
d. nail root

Answer 20

d. nail root

Question 21

Carotene is ___________ and stimulates the synthesis of photoreceptor pigments of the eye.

a. converted into vitamin D in the body
b. converted into vitamin A in the body
c. converted into vitamin C in the body
d. converted into vitamin E in the body

Answer 21

b. converted into vitamin A in the body

Question 22

Which statement below is true?

a. First and second degree burns are called full thickness burns.
b. Third degree burns will extend deep into the hypodermis.
c. Surgical procedures are always indicated for third degree burns.
d. Both B and C are true statements.

Answer 22

d. Both B and C are true statements

Question 23

The ability of the thermoregulatory centers in the brain to regulate body temperature is an example of ________.

a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback

Answer 23

a. negative feedback

Question 24

Mr. Wilson is exhibiting yellowed skin. Which of the following conditions does he have and what is its cause?

a. vitiligo; loss of melanocytes or thyroid disease
b. Addison’s disease; excess secretion of ACTH
c. pituitary tumor; excess secretion of MSH
d. jaundice; liver disease

Answer 24

d. jaundice; liver disease

Question 25

In some cultures, women must be covered completely, except for their eyes, when they go outside. Explain why these women exhibit a high incidence of problems with their bones.

a. UV light prevents calcium deposition in bones.
b. Melanin production is necessary for bone growth.
c. UV light is necessary to produce the hormone cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).
d. Cloth prevents oxygen from diffusing into skin and bones.

Answer 25

c. UV light is necessary to produce the hormone cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).

Question 26

In which systems other than the integument, does vitamin D3 play a critical role?

a. endocrine, cardiovascular, and urinary systems
b. skeletal, endocrine, digestive, and muscular systems
c. digestive, urinary, lymphatic, and muscular systems
d. None of the above is correct.

Answer 26

b. skeletal, endocrine, digestive, and muscular systems