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cs 490 > Chapter 12 - Supporting Info-Centric Decision Making > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Supporting Info-Centric Decision Making Flashcards

1
Q

What is decision making?

A

The process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information and assessing alternatives

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2
Q

How do computer systems support decision making?

A

Through increasing frequenct of automation

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3
Q

What are the types of decision making?

A

Structured - well-defined methodology and data
Unstructured - knowledge or expertise, reqiure data and models
Semi-Structured - some human judgement, some agreement on method

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4
Q

What is business intelligence?

A

A wrote set of concepts and technologies to improve the context of decisions.

Gathers and filters data.

Relies on DW and DBs

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5
Q

What is DSS?

A

Decision support systems

  • Computer based info system that helps makes decisions about problems that are rapidly changing
  • Combines models and analytics with traditional data anal
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6
Q

What are the three fundamental components of a DSS?

A

1) Data Base
2) Model Base - decision context and user criteria
3) Software System - DBMS, MBMS, DGMS

And the user

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7
Q

What is data mining?

A

Uses computers to find unknown correlations from a large data set by finding hiddent patterns and rules to predict trends

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8
Q

What are the data mining techniques?

A

Associations - Determine occurences linked to a single event
Sequences - Events that are linked over time
Classifications - Discover characteristics of customers and make predictions about behavior of those classes
Clusters - Groups within data
Forecasting - Using current values to estimate what future values will be

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9
Q

What are Executive Information Systems?

A

An executive summary form of TSS. Used to guide company performance and scan business info.

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10
Q

What is the goal of EIS?

A

Goal: provide access to summary performance data, use graphics to display data in user friendly fashion, offer minimum of analysis beyond exec summary data

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11
Q

What do EIS usually do?

A

Supportt senior management
Incorporate data about external events
Summarize info from TSS

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12
Q

What are some common shortfalls of EIS?

A 
Lack of exec support
undefinded system objectives
Poorly defined requirements 
inadequate supoprt staff
Poorly planned evolutions
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13
Q

What is an expert system?

A

A real world use of AI

AI mimics human cognition and communication to analyze a situation or solve a problem

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14
Q

What are the components of an expert system?

A

UI -> Inference engine -> Knowledge Base

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15
Q

How can knowledge be represented in expert systems?

A

Cases
Neural Network nodes
Rules - knowledge obntained by human experts drawing on experience, expertise, common sense, laws etc…

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16
Q

What are real time enterprises>?

A

Ensuring enterprises have ability to monitor, capture and analyze events that are critical to its success

17
Q

What is an enterprise nervous system

A

A kind of network that provides universal connectivity among people, applications and devices

18
Q

What are some of the enhanced forms of communication provided by enterprise nervous systems?

A
  • transforms messages
  • Redirects messages
  • track and control bus processes
19
Q

What is straight through processing?

A

Transation data entered just once in a process

20
Q

What is the goal of straight through processing?

A

Allow companies to have same info be streamlined through multiple points

Reduce waste effect from process lag and latency

21
Q

What are communicating objects?

A

Smart sensors and tags that provide info about the real world via real time data

22
Q

What is the OODA Framework?

A

Observe -> Orient -> Design -> Act

Allows individuals, teams or orgs to adapt and react on their own terms

23
Q

What are the requisites for Real-Time Management Strategy

A
  • real time data
  • real time performance matrix
  • focus on high value add data
  • define key activites and KPIs
24
Q

What is BI?

A

Concepts, methods and tech to support decision making by using info centric support

25
Q

Some numbers about BI

A
  • market for anal tools $4.5 billion in 2005

- tools for advanced anal reach $120 million

26
Q

What is sense making?

A
  • ability to be aware of and assess situations that seem important to the org

situation awareness -> constructive and inductive process

situation assessment -> fitting observed data in predetermined model

27
Q

How does BI achieve awareness?

A
  • IT enabled infra to enhance collaboration

- support planning, monitoring and execution of decisions

28
Q

What is the operational goal of BI?

A

Help users generate actions to control the assessed situation

  • allows id of business obj
  • definition of constraints
  • eval of alt solutions
  • decision making

includes DW, data/doc mining, web mining, scoreboarding, viz, trend anal, multi-d anal, neural networks

29
Q

What is the role of IT in decision making?

A
  • using IT to get info decision maker needs
  • better formulate the problem
  • clarify preferences
  • process complex reasoning
  • better appreciate impacts
30
Q

What are the five technologies used in BI?

A

1) Decision support systems
2) Data mining
3) Exec info sys
4) Expert sys
5) Agent-based modelling

31
Q

What are four ways enterprise nervous systems differ from past systems?

A
  • message based
  • event driven
  • uses publish and subscribe approach
  • common data formats
32
Q

What is the bullwhip effect?

A
  • when a customer puts in an order, business orders a bit extra
  • supplier orders a bit extra
  • etc…

RT supply chain reduces discrepancy and therefore the effect of bull whip

33
Q

What are some disadvantages and challenges to RT management?

A
  • privacy
  • speed means things can go bad fast, speed needs to be balanced with caution
  • circuit breakers needed to stop deep spirals
34
Q

What are two aspects orgs need to succeed in with RT mgmt?

A
  • RT data and performance indicators - not all indicators need to be RT, use the few effective ones
  • tech readiness - need an integrated and seamless platform

cs 490 (12 decks)

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