chapter 12 - social psychology Flashcards
Some research has shown that there are gender differences in aggression. These findings suggest that
higher levels of testosterone may produce more outward aggression in males.
There are two alternative pathways to persuading others. One leads us to respond to persuasive arguments on the basis of snap judgments. This is known as the
peripheral route.
A belief about the characteristics of members of a group that are applied generally to most members of the group is known as a(n)
stereotype.
What is the moral or take-home message of Solomon Asch’s series of experiments in which participants were asked to judge the lengths of lines? People will go to great lengths
to fit in with others
Raoul wanted a new cell phone. One of the companies was offering free cell phones with a purchase of a two-year contract. Along with the offer came free text messaging for a month. Raoul purchased the contract. After the month he liked the text package so much he kept it at a rather hefty price. This is an example of the
foot-in-the-door technique
Unfounded negative beliefs of which we are aware regarding the characteristics of an out-group are known as
explicit prejudice
When their friend Vincent was walking down the hall after a pleasant conversation, Neil and Michaela watched as he suddenly tripped and fell to the floor, scattering his schoolbooks all over the hallway. They ran over to him, helped him pick up his books, and commented, “I didn’t know that the floor was so slippery in this part of the hall!” Neil and Michaela have made a __________ attribution to explain why Vincent fell over.
situational
When a person assigns causes to another individual’s behavior and assumes that the behavior is due to that individual’s personal characteristics, a(n) ________ is made.
dispositional attribution
You get on an elevator. Everyone is facing to the right. You turn and also face to the right. This is an example of
conformity
The ________ is the claim that our attributions and behaviors are shaped by a belief that the world is fair and people always get what they deserve.
just-world hypothesis
In a televised “social experiment” by the local television network, 12 people—6 white and 6 African American—were asked to live together for one week. They varied in their level of prejudice; however, those with low levels of prejudice became less prejudiced, while those with high levels became more prejudiced. A psychologist from the university coined this behavior
group polarization
Which term means behavior intended to harm others, and can be influenced by such factors as frustration, the media, and the weather?
agression
When we experience an unpleasant state of tension between two or more conflicting thoughts, we are experiencing
cognitive dissonance
Sherif’s “Robbers Cave” experiment demonstrated that prejudice can be reduced by
engaging the groups in activities that required them to cooperate to achieve a goal.
Drawing negative conclusions about a person, group of people, or situation prior to evaluating the evidence is known as
prejudice
The phenomenon where we are more likely to believe something we’ve heard many times is known as the
recognition heuristic
________ occurs when an individual aims his/her aggression toward an innocent target.
scapegoating
As the rise of anonymous online “flaming” and the masks of the KKK demonstrate, feelings of anonymity and lack of personal responsibility are the most prominent factors contributing to
deindividuation.
When an individual, who is part of a larger group, chooses to put forth less effort than other group members, ________ occurs.
social loafing
Cynthia has recently begun a career with a Jewish-based agency. Up until this point in her life, she had not had any interaction with anyone who was Jewish. Based on the individuals she works with, she has found them to be a very close knit group who cares for their own in the community who may need assistance. Additionally, she has found them to be very educated and assertive. Cynthia now holds the view that all Jewish people are the same: educated, close knit within their own group, assertive, and caring toward other Jewish folks who need help. Cynthia’s view represents
a stereotype
Which of the following is true of the classic Robber’s Cave study by Sherif and Sherif (1967)?
It demonstrated that when the in-group and out-group mentality develops, prejudice and hostility are likely to follow and by limiting resources, thereby forcing the groups to work together, the hostility ended and friendships eventually formed.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Human nature is a combination of both socially constructive and destructive tendencies.
The difference between conformity and obedience is
conformity is influence from peers or colleagues and obedience is influence from authority.
The __________ attribution error is a phenomenon in which people make an attribution based on character, even when they know that the behavior is situational.
fundamental
