Chapter 1 - 3.1 (week 1)

Question 1

Nico is meeting with his academic adviser. He wishes to pursue a career where he’ll work to diagnose and treat mental disorders. Nico aspires to be a(n)

Answer 1

clinical psychologist

Question 1

A __________ works in prisons, jails, and other settings to assess inmates and assist in rehabilitation, and in legal systems addressing issues of competency, advising on psychological concepts, and acting as expert witnesses.

Answer 1

forensic psychologist

Question 2

what is a WEIRD society in psychology? and what does the acronym stand for?

Answer 2

In 2010, Henrich Et Al coined the term “WEIRD” to describe a lack of diversity in research. WEIRD stands for Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic

Question 3

A __________ examines the physiological bases of behavior in animals and humans.

Answer 3

biological psychologist

Question 4

Sigmund Freud founded new field of psychology, one that focused on internal psychological processes such as unconscious impulses, thoughts, and memories. This field is called

Answer 4

Psychoanalysis or psychoanalytic theory

Question 5

B. F. Skinner is most associated with which perspective?

Answer 5

Behaviorism

Question 6

The majority of people who are trained in psychology work in a university setting.

Answer 6

false

Question 7

Which term is used to describe the process whereby researchers must let research subjects know what they are getting into?

Answer 7

informed consent

Question 8

Suppose you were one of the early graduate students in the newly developed field of psychology. Your mentor is interested in discovering the answers to questions like, “Why is the ability to forget helpful?” “How do emotions assist us in social situations?” and “Why is self-presentation a useful technique for gaining social rewards?” Your mentor’s approach is most consistent with the perspective of ________.

Answer 8

functionalism

Question 9

Modern psychology is best considered to be a

Answer 9

science

Question 10

_________ are structures inside of a cell’s nucleus that carry genes.

Answer 10

chromosomes

Question 11

A child may be drawn to reading because their parents, who enjoy reading, have filled the house with books and read to them often. This is an example of:

Answer 11

genetic environmental correlation

Question 12

Why is overstudy of WEIRD societies a concern?

Answer 12

it is often incorrectly applied to other societies

it paints an incomplete picture of human variation

it de-emphasizes the experiences of a large portion of humanity

Question 13

The genomes of individual humans are far more identical to each other than they are different.

true or false

Answer 13

true

Question 14

The majority of people who are trained in psychology work in a university setting.

Answer 14

false, they work in healthcare (i think pls confirm with book)

Question 15

According to your authors, the discipline of psychology is best thought of as

Answer 15

the scientific study of the mind and behavior.

Question 16

Which type of psychologist is most likely to work with patients who have serious psychological disorders such as major depression?

Answer 16

clinical psychologist

Question 17

________ refers to an organism’s capacity to pass their genes on to the next generation of their species.

Answer 17

fitness

Question 18

People’s genetic makeup is their

Answer 18

genotype

Question 19

The idea that we can dismiss scientific theories like Darwinian evolution from serious consideration because a theory is just an educated guess is

Answer 19

a misconception.

Question 20

this form of psychology focuses on how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time

Answer 20

Evolutionary Psychology

Question 21

long strips of genetic material (known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA))

Answer 21

chromosomes

Question 22

in each chromosome, sequences of DNA make

Answer 22

genes, these genes control or partly control a number of visible characteristics (such as eye color, hair color, height, etc)

Question 23

a specific version of a gene is called

Answer 23

an allele
“So, a given gene may code for the trait of hair color, and the different alleles of that gene affect which hair color an individual has.”

Question 24

the genetic makeup of an organism, representing the specific combination of genes and alleles it inherits from its parents is called the ____

Answer 24

genotype
the genotype is an organisms genetic information.

Question 25

The observable traits and characteristics of an organism, which result from the interaction between its genotype and the environment

Answer 25

phenotype

Question 26

when someone has two copies of the same allele for a given gene, this is called

Answer 26

homozygous (bb or BB)

Question 27

when someone has a combination of alleles for a given gene, this is called

Answer 27

heterozygous (Bb or bB)

Question 28

most genetic traits are controlled by more than 1 gene, this is called

Answer 28

polygenetic (examples of polygenetic traits include height, weight, or skin color)

Question 29

a sudden permanent change in a gene is called a

Answer 29

mutation

Question 30

____ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range any given individual will fall

Answer 30

range of reaction

Question 31

our genes influence our environment, and our environment influences the expression of our genes

Answer 31

genetic environmental correlation

Question 32

the field of _____ looks beyond the genotype itself and studies how the same genotype can be expressed in different ways

Answer 32

epigenetic
“In other words, researchers study how the same genotype can lead to very different phenotypes.”

Question 33

DNA is packed into

Answer 33

chromosomes

Question 34

our entire complement of DNA is called the

Answer 34

genome
(in other words all of the genetic information of an organism)

Question 35

locations on chromosomes that code for protein are called

Answer 35

genes
(there are two types of genes, protein coding genes, and non coding genes)

Question 36

specific genetic sequence at a gene location is an

Answer 36

allele
(but note also that gene and allele are often used interchangeably)

Question 37

DNA is responsible for the _____ produced

Answer 37

proteins

Question 38

a term for all of the nuclear genetic material in an organism

Answer 38

genome
(that is, the DNA packaged into the
nucleus of our cells. Our cells also contain mitochondria, which also have DNA, called mtDNA for short, but we are not going to be concerned with mtDNA for the purposes of this course).

Question 39

what is evolution

Answer 39

1. an observable fact (over time)
2. change in inherited characteristics found in a population over time
3. alleles (form of a gene) represented in a population change across generations
4. genetic change over time

Question 40

adaption is

Answer 40

change which results from an allele being better able to replicate itself relative to others

Question 41

what is psychology

Answer 41

the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behaviour

Question 42

the APA is

Answer 42

american psychological association
a professional organization representing psychologists in the United States

Question 43

behaviorism

Answer 43

a focus on observing and controlling behaviour

Question 44

biopsychology

Answer 44

the study of how biology influences behaviour

Question 45

biopysychosocial model

Answer 45

a perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to determine an individuals health

Question 46

clinical psychology

Answer 46

area of psychology that focuses on the diagnoses and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior

Question 47

cognitive psychology

Answer 47

study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions

Question 48

counseling psychology

Answer 48

area of psychology that focuses on improving emotional, social, vocational, and other aspects of the lives of psychologically healthy individuals

Question 49

empirical method

Answer 49

a method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities

Question 50

forensic psychology

Answer 50

area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues within and related to the justice system

Question 51

functionalism

Answer 51

a focus on how mental activities help an organism adapt to its enviroment

Question 52

humanism

Answer 52

a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans

Question 53

introspection

Answer 53

the process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts

Question 54

personality psychology

Answer 54

study the patterns of thought and behaviors that make each individual unique

Question 55

psychoanalytic theory

Answer 55

a focus on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior

Question 56

sport and exercise psychology

Answer 56

an area of psychology that focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional factors and physical performance in sports, exercise, certain job careers, and more

Question 57

structuralism

Answer 57

understanding the conscious experience through introspection