Chapter 12 Ledford

Question 1

changing criterion design

Answer 1

• may be appropriate for practitioners and applied researchers who wish to evaluate instructional or therapy programs that require gradual, stepwise changes in behavior

Question 2

two variations of changing criterion designs

Answer 2

• changing criterion design with behavior measurement across response classes
• when several mutually exclusive behaviors are measured with different contingencies applying to each

Question 3

advantage of changing criterion designs

Answer 3

• appropriate to evaluate programs designed to shape behaviors that are in a person’s repertoire but do not occur at an acceptable rate

Question 4

limitations of changing criterion design

Answer 4

• limited to a relatively small range of target behaviors and instructional procedures
• can be difficult to determine appropriate criterion levels

Question 5

simultaneous treatments designs

Answer 5

• purpose of describing choice behavior when two concurrently available conditions exist
• can be used when two or more options are simultaneously available and when a participant’s choice between the options is of interest

Question 6

advantages of simultaneous treatments designs (ST)

Answer 6

• uniquely appropriate for assessing choice behavior of participants
• may be helpful alongside another SCD, when researchers are interested in both effectiveness of multiple interventions and the preference of participants regarding which intervention should be used

Question 7

limitations of simultaneous treatments design (ST)

Answer 7

• appropriate for assessing the choice behavior of participants, no other dependent variables should be assessed with this design
• may be difficult for investigators to verify that participants were making “informed” choices rather than non-discriminately choosing one option

Question 8

repeated acquisition designs

Answer 8

much more broadly applicable than ST designs and are one of the dew SCDs appropriate for comparing interventions for teaching non-reversible behaviors

Question 9

advantages of repeated acquisition designs (RA)

Answer 9

• appropriate when comparisons between two interventions are of interest and when dependent variables of interest are non-reversible behaviors that will be rapidly acquired by all participants
• does not require repeated testing prior to introduction of intervention
• includes multiple comparisons for each participant and results in a quick comparison between interventions

Question 10

limitations of repeated acquisition designs (RA)

Answer 10

• no built-in opportunities for assessing short-term maintenance
• baseline measurement is usually measured during one pre-instruction session, evaluation of potential threats due to history and maturation are not possible

Question 11

brief experimental design

Answer 11

• group of SCDs that are variations of withdrawal and alternating treatment designs
• requires fewer session, making it useful in applied settings, but fewer replications reduce confidence in conclusions

Question 12

advantage of brief experimental design (BE)

Answer 12

comparative data suggest functional analysis using BE design is effective resulting in the same conclusions drawn from extended analysis

Question 13

limitations of brief experimental design (BE)

Answer 13

• brief functional analysis, though shown to be accurate and effective in leading to implementation of effective interventions, do not have adequate replication
• further confirmation using different design is needed to confirm a functional relation