Chapter 11 Ledford

Question 1

James Johnston stated comparative studies are “the band of the applied literature” often leading to:

Answer 1

• inappropriate inferences
• poor generality
• based on improper evidence
• gathered in the support of the wrong questions
• wasting the field’s limited experimental resources

Question 2

contextual variables can be categorized on at least four dimensions:

Answer 2

• physical space and materials
• social structure
• temporal structure
• instructional characteristics

Question 3

goal of comparison to refine interventions studies

Answer 3

identify the most powerful and efficient form of the intervention

Question 4

goal of comparisons to understand interactions

Answer 4

discern whether one intervention produces differential patterns of responding under varying conditions

Question 5

multitreatment interference

Answer 5

the influence one experimental condition has on performance under another experimental condition

Question 6

carryover effects

Answer 6

the influence of one experimental condition on performance under another condition due to the nature (characteristics) of experimental conditions

Question 7

sequence effects

Answer 7

the influence of one condition on another due to the ordering of experimental conditions

Question 8

rapid alternation effects

Answer 8

effects on performance due to rapidly changing conditions

Question 9

separation of treatments issue

Answer 9

when two or more interventions are applied to the same behavior, the ultimate levels of the behavior can’t be attributed to only one intervention

Question 10

sequential introduction and withdrawal designs

Answer 10

flexible designs that allow for comparisons between baseline and one treatment

Question 11

multitreatment designs

Answer 11

• variations of the A-B-A-B design developed to compare treatments
• flexible making them useful for a variety of important comparisons with reversible behaviors
• can only be used when the dependent variable of interest is a reversible behavior

Question 12

difference between alternating treatment designs and multi-element designs

Answer 12

ATD is used to compare intervention while the M-ed is used to assess factors that may be maintaining challenging behavior

Question 13

adapted alternating treatments design

Answer 13

• developed to compare instructional practices with non-reversible behaviors
• • used when comparing interventions for teaching functional, developmental, or academic behaviors

Question 14

advantage of adapted alternating treatments design (AATD)

Answer 14

allows yo to compare independent variables for non-reversible behaviors

Question 15

limitation of adapted alternating treatments design (AATD)

Answer 15

the requirement that behavior sets/chains must be of equal difficulty

Question 16

parallel treatments design

Answer 16

• devised to compare instructional practices with non-reversible behaviors

Question 17

advantage of parallel treatments design (PTD)

Answer 17

ability to compare two interventions for teaching non-reversible behaviors while controlling for history and maturation threats by time-lagging the comparisons

Question 18

limitations of parallel treatments design (PTD)

Answer 18

• identifying sic equally difficult behavior sets/chains is challenging
• a lot of time spent conducting probe sessions
• requires a lot of time to complete