Chapter 12: Cell Cycle

Question 1

Types of cell division

Answer 1

Mitosis and meiosis

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

Division of somatic (non-reproductive) cells

Question 3

Meiosis

Answer 3

Division of gametes (reproductive cells)

Question 4

Genome

Answer 4

All the DNA inside of a cell
(One or many DNA molecules)

Question 5

Chromosome

Answer 5

Package of DNA molecules in a cell

Question 6

Chromatin

Answer 6

Complex of DNA and proteins that condenses during cell division

Question 7

Diploid

Answer 7

2 sets of chromosomes (2n)

Question 8

Haploid

Answer 8

One set of chromosomes (n)

Question 9

Somatic cells

Answer 9

Non-reproductive cells

Question 10

Gametes

Answer 10

Reproductive cells (sperm and ovum/eggs)

Question 11

Sister chromatids

Answer 11

Joined copies of an original chromosome

Question 12

Centromere

Answer 12

Narrow “waist” of a duplicated chromosome

Question 13

Cytokinesis

Answer 13

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 14

Interphase

Answer 14

Period of cell growth and chromosome duplication before mitosis

Question 15

G1 phase

Answer 15

Gap 1 (Cell growth, protein and organelle production)

Question 16

S phase

Answer 16

Synthesis (chromosome duplication/ DNA replication)

Question 17

G2 phase

Answer 17

Gap 2 (cell growth and preparation for mitosis)

Question 18

Mitotic spindle

Answer 18

Microtubule structure that controls chromosome movement during mitosis

Question 19

Centrosome

Answer 19

Microtubule-organizing center

Question 20

Kinetochore

Answer 20

Protein complex associated with the centromere

Question 21

Metaphase plate

Answer 21

Imaginary plane midway between the spindle’s two poles

Question 22

Prophase

Answer 22

Chromatin condenses, nucleus disappears,
spindles form

Question 23

Metaphase

Answer 23

Chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate, centromeres on opposite poles

Question 24

Anaphase

Answer 24

Sister chromatids separate, chromosomes are pulled to poles

Question 25

Telophase & Cytokinesis

Answer 25

Chromosomes condense, nucleus reforms, cytoplasm pinches

Question 26

Cleavage

Answer 26

Process of dividing the cytoplasm

Question 27

Cell plate

Answer 27

A cell wall formed between two duplicated plant cells

Question 28

Binary fission

Answer 28

Prokaryotic cell division

Question 29

Origin of replication

Answer 29

Beginning of chromosome replication during binary fission

Question 30

Cell cycle control system

Answer 30

Regulatory clock with checkpoints that controls the cell cycle

Question 31

Checkpoints

Answer 31

Points in which the cell cycle stops until a go-ahead signal is given

Question 32

Cyclin

Answer 32

Regulatory protein that fluctuates in concentration throughout the cycle

Question 33

Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)

Answer 33

Regulatory protein that binds with cyclin and who’s activity rises with its concentration

Question 34

Maturation-promoting factor (MPF)

Answer 34

Cyclin-CDK complex that triggers a cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase

Question 35

G0 phase

Answer 35

Non-dividing state reached when the go-ahead signal is not received by a cell

Question 36

Growth factors

Answer 36

Proteins released by certain cells to stimulate other cells to divide

Question 37

Density-dependent inhibition

Answer 37

Crowded cells stop dividing

Question 38

Anchorage dependence

Answer 38

Cells must be attached to a substratum in order to divide

Question 39

Transformation

Answer 39

Acquiring the ability to divide indefinitely

Question 40

Tumor

Answer 40

Mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue

Question 41

Benign tumor

Answer 41

Abnormal cells remain only at original site

Question 42

Malignant tumor

Answer 42

Abnormal cells that invade surrounding tissues

Question 43

Metastasize

Answer 43

When cancer cells spread to other parts of the body forming additional tumors