Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Flashcards
Autotroph
Self feeder, sustains itself without eating anything derived from other organisms. The producers of the biosphere
Heterotrophs
Obtain organic material from other organisms, the consumers of the biosphere
Chloroplast
Location of photosynthesis. Located in special plant cells
Stomata
Pores in a leaf that allow CO2 and O2 to enter and leave
Thylakoids
Interconnected membrane sacs in the chloroplast
Thylakoid space
The space inside of the thylakoid
Stroma
Dense fluid in the chloroplast (the cytoplasm of the plant)
Grana
Stack of thylakoids
Wavelength
The measure of the distance between crests of electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic spectrum
Entire range of electromagnetic energy, or radiation
Visible light
Wavelengths from 380nm to 740nm, drives photosynthesis and provides the colors seen by the human eye
Pigment
A compound that absorbs light
Chlorophyll A
The key light-capturing pigment
Accessory pigments
Chlorophyll B and Carotenoids
Photosystems
Chlorophyll molecules, other pigments, and proteins organized into clusters that harvest light
Light harvesting complex
Pigment molecules that absorb/transfer energy and proteins
Reaction center complex
Pair of chlorophyll A molecules that use energy of a nearby excited electron to boost an electron to higher energy and transfer it to the primary electron acceptor
Primary electron acceptor
Accepts electrons and gets reduced
Light reactions
Light dependent reactions occurring in the thylakoid, captures light energy
Calvin cycle
Light independent reactions occurring in the stroma, joins ATP, NADH, and CO2 into carbohydrates
Carbon fixation
Incorporating CO2 into organic molecules
Photosystem II
Reaction center: P680, first step in photosynthesis
Photosystem I
Reaction center: P700, makes NADPH, second step in photosynthesis
Three products of non-cyclic phosphorylation
Oxygen, ATP, NADPH
Products of cyclic phosphorylation
ATP. That’s it
Photorespiration
Consumes O2 and organic fuel and releases CO2 without producing ATP or sugar
C4 and CAM plants
Forms of photorespiration separated spatially (C4), and temporally (CAM)
