Chapter 12- Basics of Chemistry Flashcards
Organic Chemistry
The study of substances that contain the element carbon
All hair color products, chemical
texturizes, shampoos, conditioners, styling aids, nail enhancements, and skin care products are ________.
Organic
The word ___1___, as applied to chemistry, does __2___ mean natural or ____3____; it mean that the material contain both __4____ & ___5____ from either natural or synthetic sources.
Organic Not healthy Carbon Hydrogen
Inorganic chemistry
the study of substances that do not contain the elements carbon but my constrain the elements hydrogen.
Most __1_____ substances do __2____ because they do not contain ____3_____
inorganic
not
carbon
Element
the simplest form of chemical matter
Cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity
elements
atom
basic unit of matter with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons that move around the nucleus in orbits
molecule
a checklist combination of two or more atoms in definite proportions
compound molecules
a checks combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite proportions
Sodium Chloride & table salt
Compound molecules
Example of chemical properties
the ability of iron to rust
Physical change
a change in the form of physical properties of substance without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance
the ______ of hair color
oxidation
a check oak reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time
Redox
Reduction =
Oxidation =
- Gain
2. Loss
OIL
Oxidation is lost
RIG
Reduction is given
Chemical reactions can releases a significant amount of heat
Exothermic reactions
the rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light
combustion
pure substance
a chemical combination of matter in definite proportions
Air contains many substances including ____1_____, ________2________, and water ____3_____.
- nitrogen
- carbon dioxide
- vapor
a stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent
solution
The substance that dissolves the solute and makes the solution
Solvent
Liquids that can be mixed together to form clear solutions
miscible
Water & alcohol are examples of
miscible liquids
an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible liquids
emulsion
mixes and never separates
Miscible
State Board
All tools, implements, supplies, linens and equipments must be safely stored. Pre-sanitized tools, implements, lines and equipment must be stored in an enclosed sanitary cabinet or covered container. After use on each patron, implements and tools and soiled linens must be deposited in a closed receptacle separate from those which are clean & pre-sanitized
All _____, ______, supplies, linens and ________ must be ______ stored. Pre-sanitized tools, implements, _______, and ______ must be stored in an __________ sanitary cabinet or _________ ________. After use on each _____, implements, ______ and ______ linens must be __________ in a closed receptacle ______ from those which are clean and ________.
tools implements equipment safety linens equipment enclosed covered container patron tools soiled deposited separate pre-sanitized
____, tools, implements, _____, ______ and equipment must be safely ______. Pre-sanitized _____, implements, _____ and equipment must be ______ in an enclosed sanitary cabinet or _______ _______. After use on each patron, __________ and tools and ______ linens must be deposited in a closed receptacle _______ from those which are ______ & ___-__________
All supplies linens stored tools linens stored covered container implements soiled separate clean pre-sanitized
susbatances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify
Surfactants
Hydrophilic
water loving head dissolved in water
Lipophilic
Tail dissolves in oil
_____-in-______ emulsions feel _______ than ______-in-_______ emulations because the ____ is hidden and oil forms the external portion of the emulsion
Water oil greasier oil water water
examples of water-in-oil emulsions
styling creams, cold creams and foot balms
Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products
Alkanolamines
examples of ammonia compounds that are used to preform chemical services in a salon
ammonium hydroxide
ammonium thioglycolate
most common VOC used in hairspray is
SD Alcohol or Ethyl Alcohol
an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charger
ion
separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
lionizations
ion with a positive electrical charge is a
caton
neutral pH
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