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MED TERMS > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

The Endocrine System

1
Q

antidiuretic

full word 🟫

A

an agent that decreases urine production

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2
Q

endocrine

full word 🟫

A

a gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion

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3
Q

endocrinology

full word 🟫

A

medical specialty concerned with the production and effects of hormones

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4
Q

endocrinologist

full word 🟫

A

a medical specialist in endocrinology

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5
Q

hormone

full word 🟫

A

chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the bloodstream to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

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6
Q

hormonal

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to hormones

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7
Q

hypothalamus

full word 🟫

A

an endocrine gland in the floor and wall of the third ventricle of the brain

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8
Q

hypothalamic

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to the hypothalamus

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9
Q

melatonin

full word 🟫

A

hormone formed by the pineal gland

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10
Q

oxytocin

full word 🟫

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract

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11
Q

pineal

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to the pineal gland

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12
Q

pituitary

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to the pituitary gland

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13
Q

prostaglandin

full word 🟫

A

hormone present in many tissues but first isolated from the prostate gland

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14
Q

serotonin

full word 🟫

A

neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous system

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15
Q

uret-

root 🟥

A

urination

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16
Q

-crine

root 🟥

A

secrete

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17
Q

hormon-

root 🟥

A

hormone

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18
Q

thalam-

root 🟥

A

thalamus

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19
Q

mela-

root 🟥

A

black

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20
Q

ton-

root 🟥

A

tension, pressure

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21
Q

oxy-

root 🟥

A

oxygen

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22
Q

toc-

root 🟥

A

labor and childbirth

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23
Q

pituit-

root 🟥

A

pituitary

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24
Q

prosta-

root 🟥

A

prostate

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25
Q

gland-

root 🟥

A

gland

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26
Q

ser/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

serum

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27
Q

-ic

suffix 🟦

A

pertaining to

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28
Q

-logy

suffix 🟦

A

study of

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29
Q

-logist

suffix 🟦

A

one who studies

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30
Q

-al

suffix 🟦

A

pertaining to

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31
Q

-us

suffix 🟦

A

pertaining to

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32
Q

-in

suffix 🟦

A

substance

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33
Q

-ary

suffix 🟦

A

pertaining to

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34
Q

anti-

prefix 🟩

A

against

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35
Q

di-

prefix 🟩

A

complete

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36
Q

endo-

prefix 🟩

A

within

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37
Q

hypo-

prefix 🟩

A

below

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38
Q

acromegaly

full word 🟫

A

enlargement of head, face, hands, and feet due to excess growth hormone after growth plates have closed

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39
Q

adrenocorticotropic

full word 🟫

A

hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormones

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40
Q

corticosteroid

full word 🟫

A

a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

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41
Q

corticotropin

full word 🟫

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortes of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone

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42
Q

cortisone

full word 🟫

A

a corticosteroid produced in small amounts by the adrenal cortex

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43
Q

diabetes insipidus (DI)

full word 🟫

A

excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate antidiuretic hormone production

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44
Q

gonadotropin

full word 🟫

A

any hormone that stimulates gonadal function

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45
Q

gonad

full word 🟫

A

an organ that produces sex cells

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46
Q

hydrocortisone

cortisol

full word 🟫

A

potent glucocorticoid with antiinflammatory properties

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47
Q

prolactin

full word 🟫

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk

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48
Q

somatotropin

growth hormone, GH

full word 🟫

A

hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the growth of body tissues

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49
Q

thyrotropin

full word 🟫

A

hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland

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50
Q

sipid-

root 🟥

A

flavor

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51
Q

lact-

root 🟥

A

milk

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52
Q

acr/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

peak, highest point

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53
Q

adren/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

adrenal gland

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54
Q

cortic/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

from the cortex

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55
Q

gonad/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

testis, ovary

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56
Q

hydr/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

water

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57
Q

somat/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

the body

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58
Q

thyr/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

thyroid

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59
Q

-megaly

suffix 🟦

A

enlargement

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60
Q

-tropic

suffix 🟦

A

a turningm change

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61
Q

-steroid

suffix 🟦

A

steroid

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62
Q

-tropin

suffix 🟦

A

stimulation

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63
Q

-one

suffix 🟦

A

hormone

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64
Q

in-

prefix 🟩

A

not

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65
Q

pro-

prefix 🟩

A

before

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66
Q

calcitonin

full word 🟫

A

hormone produced by the thyroid gland that moves calcium from blood to bones

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67
Q

emaciation

full word 🟫

A

abnormal thinness

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68
Q

emaciated

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to or suffering from emaciation

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69
Q

parathyroid

full word 🟫

A

endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

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70
Q

thymus

full word 🟫

A

endocrine gland is located in the mediastinum

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71
Q

thyroid

full word 🟫

A

endocrine gland in the neck, or a cartilage of the larynx

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72
Q

thyroxine

full word 🟫

A

thyroid hormone T4, tetraiodothyronine

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73
Q

thyr-

root 🟥

A

thyroid gland

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74
Q

calc/i-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

calcium

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75
Q

emac/i-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

make thin

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76
Q

-ation

suffix 🟦

A

process

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77
Q

-ated

suffix 🟦

A

pertaining to a condition

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78
Q

-oid

suffix 🟦

A

resembling

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79
Q

-ine

suffix 🟦

A

pertaining to

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80
Q

para-

prefix 🟩

A

adjacent, beside

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81
Q

cretin

full word 🟫

A

severe congenital hypothyroidism

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82
Q

cretinism

full word 🟫

A

condition of severe congenital hypothyroidism

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83
Q

exophthalmos

full word 🟫

A

protrusion of the eyeball

84
Q

goiter

full word 🟫

A

benign enlargement of the thyroid gland

85
Q

Graves Disease

full word 🟫

A

hyperthyroidism with toxic goiter

86
Q

Hashimoto Disease

full word 🟫

A

autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland

87
Q

hyperparathyroidism

full word 🟫

A

excessive levels of parathyroid hormone

88
Q

hypoparathyroidism

full word 🟫

A

deficient levels of parathyroid hormone

89
Q

hyperpyrexia

full word 🟫

A

extremely high body temperature or fever

90
Q

hyperthyroidism

full word 🟫

A

excessive production of thyroid hormones

91
Q

hypothyroidism

full word 🟫

A

deficient production of thyroidism

92
Q

iodine

full word 🟫

A

chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease

93
Q

myxedema

full word 🟫

A

nonpitting, waxy edema of the skin in hypothyroidism

94
Q

tetany

full word 🟫

A

severe muscle twitches, cramps, and spasms

95
Q

thyroidectomy

full word 🟫

A

surgical removal of the thyroid gland

96
Q

thyroiditis

full word 🟫

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland

97
Q

thyrotoxicosis

hyperthyroidism

full word 🟫

A

disease produced by excessive thyroid hormone production

98
Q

cretin-

root 🟥

A

cretin

99
Q

ophthalmos-

root 🟥

A

eye

100
Q

thyr-

root 🟥

A

thyroid

101
Q

pyrex-

root 🟥

A

fever

102
Q

iod-

root 🟥

A

violet

103
Q

-edema

root 🟥

A

swelling

104
Q

toxic/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

poison

105
Q

-ism

suffix 🟦

A

condition, process

106
Q

-oid

suffix 🟦

A

resembling

107
Q

-ia

suffix 🟦

A

condition

108
Q

-ectomy

suffix 🟦

A

surgical excision

109
Q

-itis

suffix 🟦

A

inflammation

110
Q

-sis

suffix 🟦

A

condition

111
Q

ex-

prefix 🟩

A

out

112
Q

hyper-

prefix 🟩

A

excessive

113
Q

hypo-

prefix 🟩

A

deficient, below

114
Q

myx-

prefix 🟩

A

mucus

115
Q

Addison Disease

full word 🟫

A

an autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids

116
Q

adrenal

full word 🟫

A

endocrine gland on the upper pole of each kidney

117
Q

adrenaline

full word 🟫

A

main catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla

118
Q

adrenocortical

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland

119
Q

aldosterone

full word 🟫

A

mineralocorticoid hormone of the adrenal cortex

120
Q

catecholamine

full word 🟫

A

major elements produced by the adrenal cortex in the stress response

121
Q

Cushing Syndrome

full word 🟫

A

hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland

122
Q

facies

full word 🟫

A

facial features and expressions

123
Q

glucocorticoid

full word 🟫

A

hormone of the adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism

124
Q

hydrocortisone

cortisol

full word 🟫

A

potent glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties

125
Q

idiopathic

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology

126
Q

mineralocorticoid

full word 🟫

A

hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism

127
Q

norepinephrine

full word 🟫

A

catecholamine hormone of the adrenal gland that is a parasympathetic neurotransmitter

128
Q

steroid

full word 🟫

A

large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components

129
Q

ren-

root 🟥

A

kidney

130
Q

nephr-

root 🟥

A

kidney

131
Q

cortic-

root 🟥

A

cortex

132
Q

catechol-

root 🟥

A

tyrosine containing

133
Q

path-

root 🟥

A

disease

134
Q

ster-

root 🟥

A

solid

135
Q

adren/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

adrenal

136
Q

ald/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

organic compound

137
Q

gluc/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

glucose

138
Q

idi/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

unknown

139
Q

mineral/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

inorganic material

140
Q

-amine

suffix 🟦

A

nitrogen-containing substance

141
Q

ad-

prefix 🟩

A

toward

142
Q

supra-

prefix 🟩

A

above

143
Q

epi-

prefix 🟩

A

above

144
Q

nor-

prefix 🟩

A

normal

145
Q

exocrine

full word 🟫

A

a gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts

146
Q

glucagon

full word 🟫

A

pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels

147
Q

gluconeogenesis

full word 🟫

A

formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

148
Q

glucose

full word 🟫

A

the final produce of carbohydrate disgestion and the main sugar in blood

149
Q

glycogenolysis

full word 🟫

A

conversion of glycogen to glucose

150
Q

insulin

full word 🟫

A

hormone produced by the islet cells of the pancreas

151
Q

islets of Langerhans

full word 🟫

A

areas of the pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon

152
Q

somatostatin

full word 🟫

A

hormone that inhibits release of growth hormone and insulin

153
Q

insul-

root 🟥

A

an island

154
Q

glyc/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

glycogen

155
Q

gen/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

create

156
Q

-agon

suffix 🟦

A

to fight

157
Q

-genesis

suffix 🟦

A

creation

158
Q

-ose

suffix 🟦

A

full of

159
Q

-lysis

suffix 🟦

A

separate, dissolve

160
Q

-statin

suffix 🟦

A

inhibit

161
Q

neo-

prefix 🟩

A

new

162
Q

amputation

full word 🟫

A

process of removing a projecting part

163
Q

autoantibody

full word 🟫

A

antibody produced in response to an antigen from the host’s own tissue

164
Q

coma

full word 🟫

A

state of deep unconsiousness

165
Q

comatose

full word 🟫

A

in a state of come

166
Q

diabetes mellitus

full word 🟫

A

metabolic syndrome causes by absolute or relative insulin deficency

167
Q

diabetic

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to or suffering from diabetes

168
Q

hyperglycemia

full word 🟫

A

high level of glucose in the blood

169
Q

hypoglycemic

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to or suffering from low blood sugar

170
Q

hyperglycemic

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to or having hyperglycemia

171
Q

hypoglycemia

full word 🟫

A

low level of glucose in the blood

172
Q

nephropathy

full word 🟫

A

any disease of the kidney

173
Q

neuropathy

full word 🟫

A

any disease of the nervous system

174
Q

paresthesia

full word 🟫

A

an abnormal sensation

175
Q

polydipsia

full word 🟫

A

excessive thirst

176
Q

polyphagia

full word 🟫

A

excessive eating

177
Q

polyuria

full word 🟫

A

excessive production of urine

178
Q

retinopathy

full word 🟫

A

degenerative disease of the retina

179
Q

amput-

root 🟥

A

to prune

180
Q

body-

root 🟥

A

body

181
Q

comat-

root 🟥

A

coma

182
Q

diabet-

root 🟥

A

diabetes

183
Q

esthes-

root 🟥

A

sensation

184
Q

dips-

root 🟥

A

thirst

185
Q

phag-

root 🟥

A

eat

186
Q

ur-

root 🟥

A

urine

187
Q

retin/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

retina of the eye

188
Q

-emia

suffix 🟦

A

a blood condition

189
Q

-emic

suffix 🟦

A

pertaining to a blood condition

190
Q

-pathy

suffix 🟦

A

disease

191
Q

auto-

prefix 🟩

A

self

192
Q

anti-

prefix 🟩

A

against

193
Q

par-

prefix 🟩

A

abnormal

194
Q

poly-

prefix 🟩

A

many, excessive

195
Q

acetone

full word 🟫

A

ketone that is found in blood, urine, and breath when diabetes mellitus is out of control

196
Q

ketoacidosis

full word 🟫

A

excessive ketones in the blood, makinh it acidic

197
Q

ketone

full word 🟫

A

chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation

198
Q

ketosis

full word 🟫

A

excessive production of ketones

199
Q

lethargy

full word 🟫

A

abnormal drowsiness in depth or length of time

200
Q

metabolic acidosis

full word 🟫

A

deceased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism

201
Q

saline

full word 🟫

A

salt solution, usually NaCl

202
Q

acid-

root 🟥

A

acid

203
Q

metabol-

root 🟥

A

change

204
Q

ket/o-

root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)

A

ketone

205
Q

-osis

suffix 🟦

A

condition

MED TERMS (15 decks)

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