chapter 12/13 study questions Flashcards
an internal system of protective cells, fluids, and processes that includes inflammation and phagocytosis is called the _______ line of defense
second
which of the following host defenses are part of third line of defense?
a. T cells
b. inflammation
c. physical barriers
d. B cells
a and b
both the first and second lines of defense represent innate or __________ immunity, while the third line of defense represents acquired or _________ immunity
nonspecific
specific
the field of inquiry devoted to the study of all features of the body’s second and third line of defense
immunology
surface antigens are
a set of macromolecules on the cell surface
WBCs have been trained to recognize body cells or _______ cells to differentiate them from any foreign material in the body
self
inflammation is NOT part of the ________ line of defense
third
immunology encompasses all of the features pf the body’s second and third lines of defense as well as
allergy and cancer biology
the unique mix of macromolecules on the surface of cells that can be detected as foreign by the immune system are called _______
antigens
immune cell surface markers that many different kinds of microbes have in common are called _________
PAMPs
communication between separate fluid compartments of the body is conducted primarily through
capillaries
primary lymphatic organs
red bone marrow and thymus
secondary lymphatic organs
lymph nodes, spleen, SALT, MALT
a network of fibers and macrophages that permeates the tissues of the body called the __________
; it acts as a passage way within and between organs and tissues
mononuclear phagocyte system
______ are markers that many different kinds of microbes have in common
PAMPs (pattern recognition receptors PRRs recognize PAMPs)
lymphatic vessels are not found in
placenta, thymus, bones, CNS
lymph moves through lymphatic vessels through contraction of ________ muscles around the lymphatic ducts
skeletal
what sites do not have very high numbers of lymph vessels
kidney, ear drum, spleen
what cell types are produced in the red bone marrow
T and B cell precursors and RBCs
only the _______ complete their maturation in the red bone marrow
B lymphocytes
in lymph system, sites where immune cells become activated, reside, or carry out function are
secondry lymph organs
lymph vessels are not found in
bones, thymus, CNS, and placenta
red bone marrow is found in the matrix of
long bones
major lymph nodes are found in the
neck, groins, and axilla
bean shaped organs clustered along lymph channels and large blood vessels
lymph nodes
where is the spleen located
upper left abdomen
in order to remove worn-out red blood cells and pathogens, the spleen filter blood but not
lymph
what are considered GALT? (gut associated lymphoid tissue)
Peyer’s patches and the appendix
MALT
mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
the liquid substance that moves through the arteries veins, and capillaries
whole blood
clear fluid from clotted blood is
serum
hematopoiesis is the process in which all _____ cells are formed in bone marrow
blood
MALT and SALT function to
protect against influx of microbes
protect against foreign materials in food and air
liquid connective tissue consisting of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets suspended in plasma is called
whole blood
granulocytes differ from agranulocytes in that
granulocytes have dark staining granules and agranulocytes have large nuclei
which are agranulocytic WBCs
lymphocytes eosinophils neutrophils monocytes basophils
lymphocytes and monocytes
T cells modulate immune fx and kill foreign cells in __ ___ immunity
cell-mediated
large phagocytic WBC, derived from a monocyte, that leaves the circulation and has a high capacity for killing microbes is called a
macrophage
agranulocytic leukocytes include two general types
lymphocytes and monocytes
granulocytes mostly involved in immunologic responses to helminth worm infections and inflamm reactions
eosinophils
most common leukocyte
neutrophils
grans similar to mast cells that function in inflammatory events are called
basophils
largest phagocytic WBC derived from a monocyte is involved with specific immune reactions is called a tissue
macrophage
platelets function in which of the following clotting complement inflammation phagocytosis
clotting and inflammation
chemical substance produced and secreted by WBCs and tissues cells that regulates cell development, inflammation, and immunity is
cytokines
the MPS includes many components including the
thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils
which is an insoluble protein that protects the skin
keratin
skin glands, and hair follicles are skin, or _________ barriers
cutaneous
the shedding of the outer skin layer and hair follicles as scales or flakes is called
desquamation
unbroken skin is an effective barrier against microbes b/c
outer layers slough off, taking microbes away
epithelial cells have been compacted and cemented together`
once mechanism that helps remove microbes from the skin is the flushing action of _________ glands
sweat
defecation and vomiting are part of what line of defense
first
which host defense competes with pathogens for space nutrients, or by altering pH
the microbiome
a host barrier with an acidic pH and fatty acid content that is inhibitory to many microbes is the
skin
which is not a second line host defense
a. fever
b. inflammation
c. phagocytosis
d. vomiting
d. vomiting
three activitis of phagocytes
ingest/destroy cellular materials for disposal
recognize antigens from foreign matter
survey tissues to discover microbes and other material for disposal
identify the three main types of phagocytes
dendritic cells
macros
and neutrophils
general-purpose phagocytes that engulf and kill bacteria but are themselves killed during the process are
neutrophils
true statements regarding neutrophils
neutrophils are a primary component of pus
neutrophils die rapidly when they produce reactive oxygen species
phagocytes do NOT
secrete antibodies
aid in T cell maturation,
transport materials for disposal to the kidneys
They DO: recognize antigens from foreign matter, survey tissues for microbes/other materials for disposal
ingest and destroy cellular materials
which cells are elevated in bacterial infections?
Hint: think pus with bacterial infections, which leukocyte is involved in pus?
neutrophils
***lymphocytes are elevated in viral infections
bound to connective tissue among capillaries and release mediators such as histamine
mast cells
t or f
in phagocytosis, the phagosome forms prior to the phagolysosome
True - the phagosome vacuole initially encloses the foreign object and then fuses with a lysosome to form the phagolysosome
in which vacuole does a phagocyte initially enclose foreign material?
phagosome
correct order of events in phagocytosis
- chemotaxis
- ingestion
- phagolysosome formation
- destruction
- excretion
a symptom of inflammation that is caused by stimulation of nerve endings is represented by the latin term:
dolor (pain)
what sign of inflammation is caused by increased circulation and vasodilation
rubor (redness)
latin term for warmth when considering inflammation
calor
inflammation may be triggered by the immune response or by _______ due to tissue infection or injury
trauma
in inflammation, the latin term for swelling
tumor
inflammation occurring over a long period of time, called _______ inflammation, can lead to host tissue damage or destruction
chronic
mater formed during inflammation that consists of leukocytes and tissue debris is called
pus
—> not exudate because it is a protein rush fluid that builds up in the extracellular spaces during inflammation
main fx of inflammation
to mobilize and attract immune components to the injury site
what is normal body temp in C and F
98.6 F
37 C
