Chapter 11 test review Flashcards
People change refers to change in how a few individual employees think, for instance, with continuing education and training. It results in alteration of attitudes and behaviors. Culture change refers to shifting the norms and values of the entire organization, which is much harder. A company will usually concentrate training efforts on managers, who will then influence employees throughout the organization and lead to culture change. Student essay will include student evaluation of why people change and culture change are necessary.
People change
. For the compact disc industry, the advent of MP3 technology can best be described as what type of innovation?
a. Disruptive innovation
b. Service innovation
c. Productive innovation
d. Restructuring innovation
A
refers to innovations in products, services, or processes that radically change an industry’s rules of the game for producers and consumers.
a. Restructuring innovation
b. Trickle up innovation
c. Productive innovation
d. Disruptive innovation
D
Shared development of innovations among several departments is emphasized by the _____ approach to innovation
a. vertical
b. horizontal linkage model
c. top down
d. bottom-up
B
The horizontal linkage model is best applied to a:
a. low pressure environment.
b. stable environment.
c. environment that requires speed.
d. customer service environment.
C
Innovation requires the coordination that occurs with the _____ .
a. top-down approach
b. bottom-up approach
c. horizontal linkage model
d. time-based approach
C
Which of the following is a person who sees the need for and fights for productive change in an organization?
a. A creative individual
b. A catalyst
c. An idea champion
d. A sponsor
C
Which of the following describes a person who is passionately committed to a new product of idea despite rejection by others?
a. An idea champion
b. A sponsor
c. A new-venture team
d. A skunkwork
A
Ashley has average technical skills but her real strengths lay in visualizing the benefits of other’s ideas and in finding financial and political support for these ideas. Ashley is an excellent example of a(n) _____.
a. critic.
b. sponsor.
c. idea champion.
d. inventor.
C
The Brain” is a permanent secret group within one of the nation’s largest auto manufacturers. Members of this elite group focus intently on developing new and innovative automobile technologies. “The Brain” can best be described as what type of group or team?
a. Cross-functional team
b. Fast-cycle team
c. Brainstorming team
d. Skunkwork
D
What is force field analysis?
a. The analysis of the forces that drive customers to a certain organization
b. The analysis of the forces that drive the organization of a company
c. The process of determining which forces drive and which resist a proposed change
d. The process by which an organization forces changes to occur
C
Which of the following is the reinforcement stage of organization development in which individuals acquire a desired new skill or attitude and are rewarded for it by the organization?
a. Refreezing
b. Restating
c. Unfreezing
d. Changing
A
Which of the following is the intervention stage of organization development in which individuals experiment with new workplace behavior?
a. Refreezing
b. Restating
c. Unfreezing
d. Changing
C
Unfreezing is the stage of organization development in which participants are made aware of problems in order to increase their willingness to change their behavior. This stage is often associated with diagnosis, which uses a change agent, an OD specialist who contracts with an organization to facilitate change.
Changing is the intervention stage of organization development in which individuals experiment with new workplace behavior.
Refreezing is the reinforcement stage of organization development in which individuals acquire a desired new skill or attitude and are rewarded for it by the organization.
Organization development
List the four reasons why employees tend to resist change.
ANSWER: Self-interest, lack of understanding and trust, uncertainty, and different assessments and goals.
