chapter 11

Question 1

is defined as the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization.

Answer 1

Organizational change

Question 2

change is related to the organization’s production process, i.e., how the organization does its work

Answer 2

Technology

Question 3

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as _____ .

Answer 3

cooperation

Question 4

_____ is the generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization.

Answer 4

Creativity

Question 5

A(n) _____ is a change in the organization’s product or service outputs

Answer 5

product change

Question 6

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves designing the organization to encourage creativity and the initiation of new ideas is known as _____ .

Answer 6

exploration

Question 7

A(n) _____ is an in-house program that provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the organization can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics.

Answer 7

idea incubator

Question 8

The _____ model is an approach to product change that emphasizes shared development of innovations among

Answer 8

horizontal linkage

Question 9

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as _____ .

Answer 9

cooperation

Question 10

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves managers putting in place processes and structures to ensure that new ideas are carried forward for acceptance and implementation is known as _____ .

Answer 10

innovation roles

Question 11

means extending the search for and commercializing new ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization and even beyond the boundaries of the industry.

Answer 11

Open innovation

Question 12

A(n) _____ is a person who sees the need for and champions productive change within the organization.

Answer 12

idea champion

Question 13

The _____ role in organizational change involves providing a “reality test.”

Answer 13

critic

Question 14

A(n) _____ is a separate small, informal, highly autonomous, and often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for the business.

Answer 14

skunkwork

Question 15

A(n) _____ is a unit separate from the rest of the organization and is responsible for developing and initiating a

Answer 15

new-venture team

Question 16

_____ change is a change in the attitudes and behaviors of a few employees in the organization.

Answer 16

People

Question 17

_____ change is a major shift in the norms, values, attitudes, and mindset of the entire organization.

Answer 17

Culture

Question 18

The application of behavioral science knowledge to improve an organization’s health and effectiveness is known as _____

Answer 18

organizational development

Question 19

A type of OD intervention in which questionnaires on organizational climate and other factors are distributed among employees and the results reported back to them by a change agent is called _____

Answer 19

survey feedback

Question 20

A type of OD intervention that enhances the cohesiveness of departments by helping members learn to function as a team is called _____.

Answer 20

team building

Question 21

An approach that brings together participants from all parts of the organization (and may include key outside stakeholders as well) to discuss problems or opportunities and plan for major change is called _____

Answer 21

large-group intervention

Question 22

An OD specialist who contracts with an organization to facilitate change is called a(n) _____.

Answer 22

change agent

Question 23

A step in the diagnosis stage of organizational development in which participants are made aware of problems in order to increase their willingness to change their behavior is called _____ .

Answer 23

unfreezing

Question 24

A step in the reinforcement stage of organizational development in which individuals acquire a desired new skill or attitude and are rewarded for it by the organization is referred to as _____

Answer 24

refreezing

Question 25

A disparity between existing and desired performance levels is known as a(n) _____ .

Answer 25

need for change

Question 26

The second stage in Lewin’s change model, _____ , occurs when individuals experiment with new behavior and learn new skills to be used in the workplace.

Answer 26

changing

Question 27

_____ symbolizes to all employees that the change is important for the organization.

Answer 27

Top management support

Question 28

List the three distinct steps for achieving behavioral and attitudinal change.

Answer 28

Unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.

Question 29

List the four reasons why employees tend to resist change.

Answer 29

Self-interest, lack of understanding and trust, uncertainty, and different assessments and goals.

Question 30

List the five specific tactics that can be used to overcome employee resistance to change.

Answer 30

Communication and education, participation, negotiation, coercion, and top management support.