chapter 11 Flashcards
is defined as the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization.
Organizational change
change is related to the organization’s production process, i.e., how the organization does its work
Technology
The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as _____ .
cooperation
_____ is the generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization.
Creativity
A(n) _____ is a change in the organization’s product or service outputs
product change
The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves designing the organization to encourage creativity and the initiation of new ideas is known as _____ .
exploration
A(n) _____ is an in-house program that provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the organization can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics.
idea incubator
The _____ model is an approach to product change that emphasizes shared development of innovations among
horizontal linkage
The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as _____ .
cooperation
The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves managers putting in place processes and structures to ensure that new ideas are carried forward for acceptance and implementation is known as _____ .
innovation roles
means extending the search for and commercializing new ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization and even beyond the boundaries of the industry.
Open innovation
A(n) _____ is a person who sees the need for and champions productive change within the organization.
idea champion
The _____ role in organizational change involves providing a “reality test.”
critic
A(n) _____ is a separate small, informal, highly autonomous, and often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for the business.
skunkwork
A(n) _____ is a unit separate from the rest of the organization and is responsible for developing and initiating a
new-venture team
_____ change is a change in the attitudes and behaviors of a few employees in the organization.
People
_____ change is a major shift in the norms, values, attitudes, and mindset of the entire organization.
Culture
The application of behavioral science knowledge to improve an organization’s health and effectiveness is known as _____
organizational development
A type of OD intervention in which questionnaires on organizational climate and other factors are distributed among employees and the results reported back to them by a change agent is called _____
survey feedback
A type of OD intervention that enhances the cohesiveness of departments by helping members learn to function as a team is called _____.
team building
An approach that brings together participants from all parts of the organization (and may include key outside stakeholders as well) to discuss problems or opportunities and plan for major change is called _____
large-group intervention
An OD specialist who contracts with an organization to facilitate change is called a(n) _____.
change agent
A step in the diagnosis stage of organizational development in which participants are made aware of problems in order to increase their willingness to change their behavior is called _____ .
unfreezing
A step in the reinforcement stage of organizational development in which individuals acquire a desired new skill or attitude and are rewarded for it by the organization is referred to as _____
refreezing
A disparity between existing and desired performance levels is known as a(n) _____ .
need for change
The second stage in Lewin’s change model, _____ , occurs when individuals experiment with new behavior and learn new skills to be used in the workplace.
changing
_____ symbolizes to all employees that the change is important for the organization.
Top management support
List the three distinct steps for achieving behavioral and attitudinal change.
Unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.
List the four reasons why employees tend to resist change.
Self-interest, lack of understanding and trust, uncertainty, and different assessments and goals.
List the five specific tactics that can be used to overcome employee resistance to change.
Communication and education, participation, negotiation, coercion, and top management support.
