Chapter 11 - Blood Flashcards
Blood acts as a major transport medium in the body. True or False
True
Enters the blood in the lungs and is carried to cells.
Oxygen
Produced by cells and is carried in the blood to the lungs.
Carbon dioxide
Normal blood pH:
7.35-7.45
Blood makes up about _____ of total body weight
8%
Plasma is ______ of total blood
55%
The plasma is composed of ___ water, __ proteins, ___ other components
91% water, 7% proteins, 2% other components
Formed elements are ___ of total blood
45%
58% of plasma proteins and Helps maintain water
balance
CHOICES:
Fibrin, Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Serum, Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Albumin
4% of plasma proteins and aids in clot formation
CHOICES:
Fibrin, Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Serum, Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Fibrinogen
38% of plasma proteins and helps the immune system
CHOICES:
Fibrin, Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Serum, Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Globulins
A threadlike protein that forms blood clots.
CHOICES:
Fibrin, Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Serum, Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Fibrin
Plasma without the clotting factors
CHOICES:
Fibrin, Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Serum, Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Serum
the most abundant formed elements.
CHOICES:
Fibrin, Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Serum, Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Erythrocytes constitute nearly ____ of all the formed elements.
95%
Erythrocytes are 700 times more numerous than white blood cells and 17 times more. True or False
True
cell fragments or also known as thrombocytes
platelets
the process that produces formed elements
Hematopoiesis
In the fetus, Hematopoiesis occurs in several tissues, including the liver, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow. True or False
True
After birth, hematopoiesis is
confined primarily to red bone marrow, but some white blood cells are produced in the lymphatic tissues. True or False
True
All the formed elements of blood are derived from a single population of cells called __________, or hemocytoblasts
stem cells
Stem cells differentiate to give rise to different cell lines, each of which ends with the formation of a particular type of formed element. True or False
True
____________ determine the types of formed elements derived from the stem cells and how many formed cells are produced.
Growth factors
Increases the RBCs surface
area.
Biconcave shape
________ can bend or fold around its thin center, decreasing its size and
Red blood cells
The life span of an RBC in males are _____ and in females are ______
Males: 120 days
Females: 110 days
_________ of a red blood cell’s volume is the pigmented protein hemoglobin, which is responsible for the cell’s red color.
One third
Increased erythrocytes causes a decrease in blood oxygen levels. True or False
False - increase
__________ stimulates red bone marrow to product more erythrocytes.
Erythropoietin
Main component of erythrocytes
Hemoglobin
red pigmented molecule
heme
protein chain
globin
Each hemoglobin molecule consists of _______ chains and _______ groups
four protein, four heme
Each heme contains _______, which is necessary for the normal function of hemoglobin.
one iron atom
Hemoglobin with an oxygen attached
Oxyhemoglobin
The iron atom in a heme molecule can reversibly bind to an oxygen molecule. True or False
True
Hemoglobin that is not bound to oxygen is in a darker red color. True or False
True
______ of the oxygen transported in the blood is bound to hemoglobin molecules within red blood cells.
CHOICES:
Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%
98.5%
_____ of oxygen is dissolved in plasma.
CHOICES:
Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%
1.5%
_________ of the body’s iron is found in hemoglobin.
CHOICES:
Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%
Two-thirds
Old, damaged or abnormal red blood cells are removed from the blood by _______ in the spleen and liver
CHOICES:
Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%
macrophages
Hemoglobin is broken down in the _______ of the macrophages
CHOICES:
Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%
cytoplasm
Globin is broken down into ______ that are reused to produce other proteins
CHOICES:
Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%
amino acids
Iron is released from heme and is transported in the blood to the ________ to be used to produce new hemoglobin. The iron is recycled
CHOICES:
Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%
red bone marrow
Heme molecules is
converted to _________.
CHOICES:
Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%
bilirubin
Bilirubin is taken up by the
liver and released into the small intestine as part of ______
CHOICES:
Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%
bile
A thin, white layer of
cells between plasma
and red blood cells
CHOICES:
Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%
Buffy coat
Spherical cells, lacks hemoglobin, contains a nucleus, and larger than erythrocytes
Whit blood cells or lymphocytes
Disk-shaped, edges are thicker than the center of the cell, and biconcave
Red blood cells or erythrocytes
White blood cells can leave the blood and travel by _________ through the tissues.
CHOICES:
ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes
ameboid movement
The enzyme _________, found primarily inside red blood cells, catalyzes a reaction that converts carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into a hydrogen ion (H+) and a bicarbonate ion (HCO3−)
CHOICES:
ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes
carbonic anhydrase
In this process, the cell projects a cytoplasmic extension that attaches to an object.
CHOICES:
ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes
ameboid movement
A function of a red blood cell is to remove dead cells and debris from the tissues by __________.
CHOICES:
ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes
phagocytosis
Containing large cytoplasmic granules
CHOICES:
ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes
granulocytes
those with very small granules that cannot be seen easily with the light microscope
CHOICES:
ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes
agranulocytes
neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
CHOICES:
ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes
granulocytes
lymphocytes and monocytes
CHOICES:
ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes
agranulocytes
the most common type of white blood cells
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Neutrophils
the least common of all white blood cells
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Basophils
contain cytoplasmic granules that stain bright red with eosin, an acidic stain.
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Eosinophils
the smallest of the white blood cells
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Lymphocytes
Their nuclei are commonly lobed, with the number of lobes varying from two to four.
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Neutrophils
consists of only a thin, sometimes imperceptible ring around the nucleus
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Lymphocytes
contain large cytoplasmic granules that stain blue or purple with basic dyes
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Basophils
usually remain in the blood for a short time (10–12 hours), move into other tissues, and phagocytize microorganisms and other foreign substances
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Neutrophils
often have a two-lobed nucleus
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Eosinophils
include the production of antibodies and other chemicals
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Lymphocytes
have small cytoplasmic granules that stain with both acidic and basic dyes
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Neutrophils
involved in inflammatory responses associated with allergies and asthma.
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Eosinophils
After they leave the blood andenter tissues, they enlarge and become macrophages
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Monocytes
involved in destroying certain worm parasites.
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Eosinophils
the largest of the white blood cells
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Monocytes
release histamine and other chemicals that promote inflammation
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Basophils
can break down phagocytized foreign substances and present the processed substances to lymphocytes, causing activation of the lymphocytes
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Monocytes
They also release heparin, which prevents the formation of clots.
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Basophils
Nucleus often bilobed; cytoplasmic granules stain orange-red or bright red; 11–14 μm in diameter
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Eosinophil
Nucleus round, kidney-shaped, or horseshoe-shaped; contains more cytoplasm than does lymphocyte; 12–20 μm in diameter
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Monocyte
Nucleus with two to four lobes connected by thin ts; cytoplasmic granules stain a light pink or reddish purple; 10–12 μm in diameter
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Neutrophil
Nucleus with two indistinct lobes; cytoplasmic granules stain blue-purple; 10–12 μm in diameter
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Basophil
Biconcave disk; no nucleus; contains hemoglobin, which colors the cell red; 6.5–8.5 μm in diameter
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Red Blood Cell
Round nucleus; cytoplasm forms a thin ring around the nucleus; 6–14 μm in diameter
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Lymphocyte
Cell fragment surrounded by a plasma membrane and containing granules; 2–4 μm in diameter
CHOICES:
Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell
Platelet
Platelets are produced in the red bone marrow from large cells called ________
CHOICES:
megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation
megakaryocytes
an immediate but temporary constriction of a blood vessel that results when smooth muscle within the wall of the vessel contracts
CHOICES:
megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation
Vascular spasm
Both of these substances stimulate vascular spasm.
CHOICES:
megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation
thromboxanes and endothelin
an accumulation of platelets that can seal up a small break in a blood vessel.
CHOICES:
megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation
platelet plug
stimulated by chemicals released by cells of the damaged blood vessel wall and by platelets.
CHOICES:
megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation
Vascular spasm
very important in maintaining the integrity of the blood vessels of the cardiovascular system because small tears occur in the smaller vessels and capillaries many times each day.
CHOICES:
megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation
platelet plug
platelets stick to the collagen exposed by blood vessel damage
CHOICES:
megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation
platelet adhesion
a protein produced and secreted by blood vessel endothelial cells
CHOICES:
megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation
von Willebrand factor
_______________ forms a bridge between collagen and platelets by binding to platelet surface receptors and collagen.
CHOICES:
megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation
Von Willebrand factor
In the _____________, platelets release chemicals, such as ADP and thromboxane, which bind to their respective receptors on the surfaces of other platelets, activating the platelets.
CHOICES:
megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation
platelet release reaction
As platelets become activated, they express surface receptors called _________, which can bind to fibrinogen, a plasma protein
CHOICES:
megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation
fibrinogen receptors
In __________, fibrinogen forms bridges between the fibrinogen receptors of numerous platelets, resulting in a platelet plug
CHOICES:
megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation
platelet aggregation
platelet plug formation is a sample of negative feedback. True or False
False - positive
a network of fibrin that traps blood cells, platelets, and fluid.
CHOICES:
clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney
clot
threadlike protein fibers
CHOICES:
clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney
fibrin
The formation of a blood clot depends on a number of proteins found within plasma
CHOICES:
clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney
clotting factors
After the initial clotting factors are activated, they in turn activate other clotting factors. True or False
True
chemicals, such as ______, are released from injured tissues, causing activation of clotting factors
CHOICES:
clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney
thromboplastin
A series of reactions results in which each clotting factor activates the next until the clotting factor __________ , or prothrombin activator, is formed
CHOICES:
clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney
prothrombinase
Prothrombinase converts an inactive clotting factor called _________ to its active form, thrombin
CHOICES:
clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney
prothrombin
Thrombin converts the plasma protein ________ to fibrin
CHOICES:
clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney
fibrinogen
Most clotting factors are manufactured in the _____, and many of them require vitamin K for their synthesis.
CHOICES:
clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney
liver
many of the chemical reactions of clot formation require K+. True or False
False - Ca2+
Most of the clotting factors requires vitamin K for synthesis. True or False
True
prevent clotting factors from forming clots under normal conditions
CHOICES:
anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase
anticoagulants
a blood clot that forms in a vessel and remains there
CHOICES:
anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase
thrombus
A thrombus that breaks loose and begins to float through the circulation is called an _____
CHOICES:
anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase
embolus
__________ prevents clot formation by suppressing the liver’s production of vitamin K–dependent clotting factors
CHOICES:
anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase
Warfarin
After a clot has formed, it begins to condense into a more compact structure through a process known as __________
CHOICES:
anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase
clot retraction
Process of dissolving clot
CHOICES:
anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase
Fibrinolysis
Serum in plasma is squeezed out of clot
CHOICES:
anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase
clot retraction
breakdown clot
CHOICES:
anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase
Plasminogen
Helps enchance healing
CHOICES:
anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase
clot retraction
a bacterial enzyme, and t-PA, produced through genetic engineering, have been used successfully to dissolve clots.
CHOICES:
anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase
Streptokinase
the introduction of a fluid other than blood, such as a saline or glucose solution, into the blood
CHOICES:
hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies
infusion
the transfer of blood or blood components from one individual to another
CHOICES:
hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies
transfusion
caused by interactions between antigens and antibodies
CHOICES:
hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies
transfusion reactions
the surfaces of red blood cells have molecules called _____-
CHOICES:
hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies
antigens
the plasma includes proteins called _________
CHOICES:
hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies
antibodies
clumping of the cells
CHOICES:
hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies
agglutination
The combination of the antibodies with the antigens can also initiate reactions that cause __________ or rupture of the red blood cells
CHOICES:
hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies
hemolysis
system is used to categorize human blood
CHOICES:
hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies
ABO blood group
Person who gives the
blood
CHOICES:
hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies
Donor
Person who receives the blood
CHOICES:
hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies
Recipient
Antigens on the surface
of red blood cells have been categorized into blood groups.
CHOICES:
hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies
blood group
Binds to specific
antigens that forms a molecular bridge that connect the red blood cell together
CHOICES:
hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies
antibodies
Has both Type A and B antigen present
Blood type AB
Type B antigen
Blood type B
Type A antigen
Blood type A
Has no Type A or B
antigen present
Blood type O
No antibodies
Blood type AB
Anti-A and Anti- B antibodies
Blood type O
Anti-A
antibodies
Blood type B
Anti-B
antibodies
Blood type A
Antibodies against the antigens are usually present in the plasma of the blood. True or False
True
Anti-A or Anti-B antibodies are present in the blood even without exposure to antigens on foreign red blood cells. True or False
True
Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies are not found in the blood until about _______ after birth
2 months
Contains certain Rh antigens on the surface of red blood cells
Rh positive
No Rh antigens present
Rh negative
Antibodies against the Rh antigens do not develop unless an Rh-negative person is exposed to Rh-positive red blood cells. True or False
True
blood disorder that occurs when the blood types of a mother and baby are incompatible
hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), or erythroblastosis fetalis
HDN can be fatal to the fetus. True or False
True
This treatment inactivates the fetal Rh antigens and prevents sensitization of the mother.
Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM)
determines the ABO and Rh blood groups of a blood sample
Blood typing
__________ during the typing procedure identifies the antigens on the red blood cells
Agglutination
In a _________, the donor’s blood cells are mixed with the recipient’s serum, and the donor’s serum is mixed with the recipient’s cells.
crossmatch
an analysis of blood that pro- vides much useful information
complete blood count (CBC)
Usually performed electronically with a machine by can be done manually with a microscope.
Red Blood Cell Count
Normal red blood cell count for males
4.6-6.2 million red blood cells per microliter of blood
Normal red blood cell count for females
4.2-5.4 million red blood cells per microliter of blood
One drop of blood is approximately _________
50 microliter
A condition that causes an overabundance of red blood cells that leads to an increased blood viscosity, reduced flow rates, and if severe, plugged capillaries
Erythrocytosis
An intentional process that serves to increase the nuber of cir
Blood doping
Expressed in grams of hemoglobin per 100 mL of blood
Hemoglobin measurement
Normal hemoglobin measurement in males
14-18 grams per 100 mL of blood
Normal hemoglobin measurement in females
12-16 grams per 100 mL of blood
Abnormally low
hemoglobin measurement
Anemia
The percentage of the total blood volume that is composed of red blood cells
hematocrit measurement
Normal hematocrit measurement for males
40-52% of total blood volume
Normal hematocrit measurement for females
38-48% of total blood volume
The average size of a red blood cell is calculated by dividing the hematocrit by the red blood cell count. True or False
True
Measure the total number of white blood cells in the blood
White blood cell count
Normal WBC count
5000- 9000 per microliter of blood
Below the normal
amount of white blood cells that results from decreased production or destruction of the red marrow
CHOICES:
Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Leukemia
Leukopenia
An abnormally high
amount of White blood
cells
CHOICES:
Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Leukemia
Leukocytosis
Production of immature or abnormal WBC as they lack normal immunological functions
CHOICES:
Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Leukemia
Leukemia
Caused by bacterial
infections by stimulating neutrophils to increase
in number
CHOICES:
Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Leukemia
Leukocytosis
Type of cancer in the red marrow
characterized by an abnormal production of one or more of white blood cell types, can cause leukocytosis.
CHOICES:
Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Leukemia
Leukemia
Caused by radiation, drugs, tumors, viral infections or a deficiency of the the vitamins folate or B12
CHOICES:
Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Leukemia
Leukopenia
Determines the percentage of each of the five kinds of white blood cells.
Differential white blood cell count
Normal percentage of Neutrophils
60-70%
Normal percentage of Lymphocytes
20-25%
Normal percentage of Monocytes
3-8%
Normal percentage of Eosinophils
2-4%
Normal percentage of Basophils
0.5-1%
Normal platelet count
250,00- 400,00 platelets per microliter of blood
Decreased platelet
count that results in chronic bleeding trhough small vessels and capillaries.
Thrombocytopenia
Calculates how long it takes for the blood to start clotting, which is normally 9-12 seconds.
Prothtombin time measurement
Increase in prothrombin time can be caused by the deficiency of Vitamin K, certain liver diseases, and drug therapy. True or False
True
Composition of material dissolved or suspended in the plasma can be used to assess the function of many body systems.
Blood Chemistry
