Chapter 11 - Blood Flashcards by Angelica Cejas

Q

Blood acts as a major transport medium in the body. True or False

A

True

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Q

Enters the blood in the lungs and is carried to cells.

A

Oxygen

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Q

Produced by cells and is carried in the blood to the lungs.

A

Carbon dioxide

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Q

Normal blood pH:

A

7.35-7.45

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Q

Blood makes up about _____ of total body weight

A

8%

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Q

Plasma is ______ of total blood

A

55%

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Q

The plasma is composed of ___ water, __ proteins, ___ other components

A

91% water, 7% proteins, 2% other components

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Q

Formed elements are ___ of total blood

A

45%

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Q

58% of plasma proteins and Helps maintain water
balance

CHOICES:
Fibrin, Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Serum, Erythrocytes (RBCs)

A

Albumin

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Q

4% of plasma proteins and aids in clot formation

CHOICES:
Fibrin, Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Serum, Erythrocytes (RBCs)

A

Fibrinogen

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Q

38% of plasma proteins and helps the immune system

CHOICES:
Fibrin, Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Serum, Erythrocytes (RBCs)

A

Globulins

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Q

A threadlike protein that forms blood clots.

CHOICES:
Fibrin, Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Serum, Erythrocytes (RBCs)

A

Fibrin

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Q

Plasma without the clotting factors

CHOICES:
Fibrin, Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Serum, Erythrocytes (RBCs)

A

Serum

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Q

the most abundant formed elements.

CHOICES:
Fibrin, Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Serum, Erythrocytes (RBCs)

A

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

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Q

Erythrocytes constitute nearly ____ of all the formed elements.

A

95%

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Q

Erythrocytes are 700 times more numerous than white blood cells and 17 times more. True or False

A

True

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Q

cell fragments or also known as thrombocytes

A

platelets

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Q

the process that produces formed elements

A

Hematopoiesis

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Q

In the fetus, Hematopoiesis occurs in several tissues, including the liver, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow. True or False

A

True

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Q

After birth, hematopoiesis is

confined primarily to red bone marrow, but some white blood cells are produced in the lymphatic tissues. True or False

A

True

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Q

All the formed elements of blood are derived from a single population of cells called __________, or hemocytoblasts

A

stem cells

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Q

Stem cells differentiate to give rise to different cell lines, each of which ends with the formation of a particular type of formed element. True or False

A

True

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Q

____________ determine the types of formed elements derived from the stem cells and how many formed cells are produced.

A

Growth factors

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Q

Increases the RBCs surface

area.

A

Biconcave shape

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________ can bend or fold around its thin center, decreasing its size and

Red blood cells

The life span of an RBC in males are _____ and in females are ______

Males: 120 days Females: 110 days

_________ of a red blood cell’s volume is the pigmented protein hemoglobin, which is responsible for the cell’s red color.

One third

Increased erythrocytes causes a decrease in blood oxygen levels. True or False

False - increase

__________ stimulates red bone marrow to product more erythrocytes.

Erythropoietin

Main component of erythrocytes

Hemoglobin

red pigmented molecule

heme

protein chain

globin

Each hemoglobin molecule consists of _______ chains and _______ groups

four protein, four heme

Each heme contains _______, which is necessary for the normal function of hemoglobin.

one iron atom

Hemoglobin with an oxygen attached

Oxyhemoglobin

The iron atom in a heme molecule can reversibly bind to an oxygen molecule. True or False

True

Hemoglobin that is not bound to oxygen is in a darker red color. True or False

True

______ of the oxygen transported in the blood is bound to hemoglobin molecules within red blood cells. CHOICES: Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%

98.5%

_____ of oxygen is dissolved in plasma. CHOICES: Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%

1.5%

_________ of the body’s iron is found in hemoglobin. CHOICES: Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%

Two-thirds

Old, damaged or abnormal red blood cells are removed from the blood by _______ in the spleen and liver CHOICES: Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%

macrophages

Hemoglobin is broken down in the _______ of the macrophages CHOICES: Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%

cytoplasm

Globin is broken down into ______ that are reused to produce other proteins CHOICES: Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%

amino acids

Iron is released from heme and is transported in the blood to the ________ to be used to produce new hemoglobin. The iron is recycled CHOICES: Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%

red bone marrow

Heme molecules is converted to _________. CHOICES: Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%

bilirubin

Bilirubin is taken up by the liver and released into the small intestine as part of ______ CHOICES: Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%

bile

A thin, white layer of cells between plasma and red blood cells CHOICES: Buffy coat, one-fourth, bile, cytoplasm, bilirubin, red bone marrow, amino acids , macrophages, two-thirds, 98.5%, 1.5%, 96%, 4%

Buffy coat

Spherical cells, lacks hemoglobin, contains a nucleus, and larger than erythrocytes

Whit blood cells or lymphocytes

Disk-shaped, edges are thicker than the center of the cell, and biconcave

Red blood cells or erythrocytes

White blood cells can leave the blood and travel by _________ through the tissues. CHOICES: ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes

ameboid movement

The enzyme _________, found primarily inside red blood cells, catalyzes a reaction that converts carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into a hydrogen ion (H+) and a bicarbonate ion (HCO3−) CHOICES: ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes

carbonic anhydrase

In this process, the cell projects a cytoplasmic extension that attaches to an object. CHOICES: ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes

ameboid movement

A function of a red blood cell is to remove dead cells and debris from the tissues by __________. CHOICES: ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes

phagocytosis

Containing large cytoplasmic granules CHOICES: ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes

granulocytes

those with very small granules that cannot be seen easily with the light microscope CHOICES: ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes

agranulocytes

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils CHOICES: ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes

granulocytes

lymphocytes and monocytes CHOICES: ameboid movement, carbonic anhydrase, phagocytosis, granulocytes, agranulocytes

agranulocytes

the most common type of white blood cells CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Neutrophils

the least common of all white blood cells CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Basophils

contain cytoplasmic granules that stain bright red with eosin, an acidic stain. CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Eosinophils

the smallest of the white blood cells CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Lymphocytes

Their nuclei are commonly lobed, with the number of lobes varying from two to four. CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Neutrophils

consists of only a thin, sometimes imperceptible ring around the nucleus CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Lymphocytes

contain large cytoplasmic granules that stain blue or purple with basic dyes CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Basophils

usually remain in the blood for a short time (10–12 hours), move into other tissues, and phagocytize microorganisms and other foreign substances CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Neutrophils

often have a two-lobed nucleus CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Eosinophils

include the production of antibodies and other chemicals CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Lymphocytes

have small cytoplasmic granules that stain with both acidic and basic dyes CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Neutrophils

involved in inflammatory responses associated with allergies and asthma. CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Eosinophils

After they leave the blood andenter tissues, they enlarge and become macrophages CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Monocytes

involved in destroying certain worm parasites. CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Eosinophils

the largest of the white blood cells CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Monocytes

release histamine and other chemicals that promote inflammation CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Basophils

can break down phagocytized foreign substances and present the processed substances to lymphocytes, causing activation of the lymphocytes CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Monocytes

They also release heparin, which prevents the formation of clots. CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Basophils

Nucleus often bilobed; cytoplasmic granules stain orange-red or bright red; 11–14 μm in diameter CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Eosinophil

Nucleus round, kidney-shaped, or horseshoe-shaped; contains more cytoplasm than does lymphocyte; 12–20 μm in diameter CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Monocyte

Nucleus with two to four lobes connected by thin ts; cytoplasmic granules stain a light pink or reddish purple; 10–12 μm in diameter CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Neutrophil

Nucleus with two indistinct lobes; cytoplasmic granules stain blue-purple; 10–12 μm in diameter CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Basophil

Biconcave disk; no nucleus; contains hemoglobin, which colors the cell red; 6.5–8.5 μm in diameter CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Red Blood Cell

Round nucleus; cytoplasm forms a thin ring around the nucleus; 6–14 μm in diameter CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Lymphocyte

Cell fragment surrounded by a plasma membrane and containing granules; 2–4 μm in diameter CHOICES: Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Red Blood Cell

Platelet

Platelets are produced in the red bone marrow from large cells called ________ CHOICES: megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation

megakaryocytes

an immediate but temporary constriction of a blood vessel that results when smooth muscle within the wall of the vessel contracts CHOICES: megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation

Vascular spasm

Both of these substances stimulate vascular spasm. CHOICES: megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation

thromboxanes and endothelin

an accumulation of platelets that can seal up a small break in a blood vessel. CHOICES: megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation

platelet plug

stimulated by chemicals released by cells of the damaged blood vessel wall and by platelets. CHOICES: megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation

Vascular spasm

very important in maintaining the integrity of the blood vessels of the cardiovascular system because small tears occur in the smaller vessels and capillaries many times each day. CHOICES: megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation

platelet plug

platelets stick to the collagen exposed by blood vessel damage CHOICES: megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation

platelet adhesion

a protein produced and secreted by blood vessel endothelial cells CHOICES: megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation

von Willebrand factor

_______________ forms a bridge between collagen and platelets by binding to platelet surface receptors and collagen. CHOICES: megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation

Von Willebrand factor

In the _____________, platelets release chemicals, such as ADP and thromboxane, which bind to their respective receptors on the surfaces of other platelets, activating the platelets. CHOICES: megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation

platelet release reaction

As platelets become activated, they express surface receptors called _________, which can bind to fibrinogen, a plasma protein CHOICES: megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation

fibrinogen receptors

In __________, fibrinogen forms bridges between the fibrinogen receptors of numerous platelets, resulting in a platelet plug CHOICES: megakaryocytes, Vascular spasm, thromboxanes, endothelin, platelet plug, platelet adhesion, von Willebrand factor, platelet release reaction, fibrinogen receptors, platelet aggregation

platelet aggregation

platelet plug formation is a sample of negative feedback. True or False

False - positive

a network of fibrin that traps blood cells, platelets, and fluid. CHOICES: clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney

clot

threadlike protein fibers CHOICES: clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney

fibrin

The formation of a blood clot depends on a number of proteins found within plasma CHOICES: clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney

clotting factors

After the initial clotting factors are activated, they in turn activate other clotting factors. True or False

True

chemicals, such as ______, are released from injured tissues, causing activation of clotting factors CHOICES: clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney

thromboplastin

A series of reactions results in which each clotting factor activates the next until the clotting factor __________ , or prothrombin activator, is formed CHOICES: clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney

prothrombinase

Prothrombinase converts an inactive clotting factor called _________ to its active form, thrombin CHOICES: clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney

prothrombin

Thrombin converts the plasma protein ________ to fibrin CHOICES: clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney

fibrinogen

Most clotting factors are manufactured in the _____, and many of them require vitamin K for their synthesis. CHOICES: clot, fibrin, clotting factors, fibrinogen, thromboplastin, prothrombinase, prothrombin, liver, spleen, kidney

liver

many of the chemical reactions of clot formation require K+. True or False

False - Ca2+

Most of the clotting factors requires vitamin K for synthesis. True or False

True

prevent clotting factors from forming clots under normal conditions CHOICES: anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase

anticoagulants

a blood clot that forms in a vessel and remains there CHOICES: anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase

thrombus

A thrombus that breaks loose and begins to float through the circulation is called an _____ CHOICES: anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase

embolus

__________ prevents clot formation by suppressing the liver’s production of vitamin K–dependent clotting factors CHOICES: anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase

Warfarin

After a clot has formed, it begins to condense into a more compact structure through a process known as __________ CHOICES: anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase

clot retraction

Process of dissolving clot CHOICES: anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase

Fibrinolysis

Serum in plasma is squeezed out of clot CHOICES: anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase

clot retraction

breakdown clot CHOICES: anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase

Plasminogen

Helps enchance healing CHOICES: anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase

clot retraction

a bacterial enzyme, and t-PA, produced through genetic engineering, have been used successfully to dissolve clots. CHOICES: anticoagulants, thrombus, embolus, Warfarin, Coumadin, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis, Plasminogen, Streptokinase

Streptokinase

the introduction of a fluid other than blood, such as a saline or glucose solution, into the blood CHOICES: hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies

infusion

the transfer of blood or blood components from one individual to another CHOICES: hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies

transfusion

caused by interactions between antigens and antibodies CHOICES: hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies

transfusion reactions

the surfaces of red blood cells have molecules called _____- CHOICES: hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies

antigens

the plasma includes proteins called _________ CHOICES: hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies

antibodies

clumping of the cells CHOICES: hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies

agglutination

The combination of the antibodies with the antigens can also initiate reactions that cause __________ or rupture of the red blood cells CHOICES: hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies

hemolysis

system is used to categorize human blood CHOICES: hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies

ABO blood group

Person who gives the blood CHOICES: hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies

Donor

Person who receives the blood CHOICES: hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies

Recipient

Antigens on the surface of red blood cells have been categorized into blood groups. CHOICES: hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies

blood group

Binds to specific antigens that forms a molecular bridge that connect the red blood cell together CHOICES: hemolysis, transfusion, infusion, antigens, antibodies, transfusion reactions, agglutination, ABO blood group, Donor, Recipient, blood group, antibodies

antibodies

Has both Type A and B antigen present

Blood type AB

Type B antigen

Blood type B

Type A antigen

Blood type A

Has no Type A or B | antigen present

Blood type O

No antibodies

Blood type AB

Anti-A and Anti- B antibodies

Blood type O

Anti-A | antibodies

Blood type B

Anti-B | antibodies

Blood type A

Antibodies against the antigens are usually present in the plasma of the blood. True or False

True

Anti-A or Anti-B antibodies are present in the blood even without exposure to antigens on foreign red blood cells. True or False

True

Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies are not found in the blood until about _______ after birth

2 months

Contains certain Rh antigens on the surface of red blood cells

Rh positive

No Rh antigens present

Rh negative

Antibodies against the Rh antigens do not develop unless an Rh-negative person is exposed to Rh-positive red blood cells. True or False

True

blood disorder that occurs when the blood types of a mother and baby are incompatible

hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), or erythroblastosis fetalis

HDN can be fatal to the fetus. True or False

True

This treatment inactivates the fetal Rh antigens and prevents sensitization of the mother.

Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM)

determines the ABO and Rh blood groups of a blood sample

Blood typing

__________ during the typing procedure identifies the antigens on the red blood cells

Agglutination

In a _________, the donor’s blood cells are mixed with the recipient’s serum, and the donor’s serum is mixed with the recipient’s cells.

crossmatch

an analysis of blood that pro- vides much useful information

complete blood count (CBC)

Usually performed electronically with a machine by can be done manually with a microscope.

Red Blood Cell Count

Normal red blood cell count for males

4.6-6.2 million red blood cells per microliter of blood

Normal red blood cell count for females

4.2-5.4 million red blood cells per microliter of blood

One drop of blood is approximately _________

50 microliter

A condition that causes an overabundance of red blood cells that leads to an increased blood viscosity, reduced flow rates, and if severe, plugged capillaries

Erythrocytosis

An intentional process that serves to increase the nuber of cir

Blood doping

Expressed in grams of hemoglobin per 100 mL of blood

Hemoglobin measurement

Normal hemoglobin measurement in males

14-18 grams per 100 mL of blood

Normal hemoglobin measurement in females

12-16 grams per 100 mL of blood

Abnormally low | hemoglobin measurement

Anemia

The percentage of the total blood volume that is composed of red blood cells

hematocrit measurement

Normal hematocrit measurement for males

40-52% of total blood volume

Normal hematocrit measurement for females

38-48% of total blood volume

The average size of a red blood cell is calculated by dividing the hematocrit by the red blood cell count. True or False

True

Measure the total number of white blood cells in the blood

White blood cell count

Normal WBC count

5000- 9000 per microliter of blood

Below the normal amount of white blood cells that results from decreased production or destruction of the red marrow CHOICES: Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Leukemia

Leukopenia

An abnormally high amount of White blood cells CHOICES: Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Leukemia

Leukocytosis

Production of immature or abnormal WBC as they lack normal immunological functions CHOICES: Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Leukemia

Leukemia

Caused by bacterial infections by stimulating neutrophils to increase in number CHOICES: Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Leukemia

Leukocytosis

Type of cancer in the red marrow characterized by an abnormal production of one or more of white blood cell types, can cause leukocytosis. CHOICES: Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Leukemia

Leukemia

Caused by radiation, drugs, tumors, viral infections or a deficiency of the the vitamins folate or B12 CHOICES: Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Leukemia

Leukopenia

Determines the percentage of each of the five kinds of white blood cells.

Differential white blood cell count

Normal percentage of Neutrophils

60-70%

Normal percentage of Lymphocytes

20-25%

Normal percentage of Monocytes

3-8%

Normal percentage of Eosinophils

2-4%

Normal percentage of Basophils

0.5-1%

Normal platelet count

250,00- 400,00 platelets per microliter of blood

Decreased platelet | count that results in chronic bleeding trhough small vessels and capillaries.

Thrombocytopenia

Calculates how long it takes for the blood to start clotting, which is normally 9-12 seconds.

Prothtombin time measurement

Increase in prothrombin time can be caused by the deficiency of Vitamin K, certain liver diseases, and drug therapy. True or False

True

Composition of material dissolved or suspended in the plasma can be used to assess the function of many body systems.

Blood Chemistry