Chapter 10 - Endocrine System Flashcards
allows cells to communicate with each other
CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers
Chemical messengers
controlled release of chemicals from a cell
CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers
Secretion
stimulates the cell that originally secreted it
CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers
Autocrine
act locally on nearby cells; secreted by one cell type into the extracellular fluid and affect surrounding cells of a different type
CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers
Paracrine
activate an adjacent cell
CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers
Neurotransmitter
secreted into the bloodstream by certain glands and cells
CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers
Endocrine
A sample of these chemical messengers is WBCs during an infection
CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers
Autocrine
Affect cells that are distant from their source
CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers
Endocrine
A sample of these chemical messengers is WBCs during allergic reactions
CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers
Paracrine
the chemical messenger that is secreted into the blood
Hormones
the effectors
CHOICES:
Target tissue, Hormones, Exocrine glands, Endocrinology, Endocrine system
Target tissue
have ducts that carry their secretions to the outside of the body
CHOICES:
Target tissue, Hormones, Exocrine glands, Endocrinology, Endocrine system
Exocrine glands
study of the endocrine system
CHOICES:
Target tissue, Hormones, Exocrine glands, Endocrinology, Endocrine system
Endocrinology
composed of endocrine gland + endocrine specialized cells
CHOICES:
Target tissue, Hormones, Exocrine glands, Endocrinology, Endocrine system
Endocrine system
where hormones produce a coordinated response of the target tissues
CHOICES:
Target tissue, Hormones, Exocrine glands, Endocrinology, Endocrine system
Target tissue
regulate almost every physiological process in our body
CHOICES:
Target tissue, Hormones, Exocrine glands, Endocrinology, Endocrine system
Hormones
hormones derived from cholesterol
CHOICES:
Thyroid hormones, Steroid hormones, Other hormones, Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones
Steroid hormones
derived from the amino acid tyrosine
CHOICES:
Thyroid hormones, Steroid hormones, Other hormones, Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones
Thyroid hormones
hormones that are categorized as amino acid derivatives, peptides, or proteins
CHOICES:
Thyroid hormones, Steroid hormones, Other hormones, Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones
Other hormones
Nonpolar, and include steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, and fatty acid derivative hormones, such as certain eicosanoids
CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones
Lipid-Soluble Hormones
Polar molecules including protein hormones, peptide hormones, and most amino acid derivative hormones
CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones
Water-Soluble Hormones
It dissolves in blood
CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones
Water-Soluble Hormones
Insoluble in water-based fluids, such as the plasma of blood
CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones
Lipid-Soluble Hormones
It travels in the bloodstream attached to binding proteins
CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones
Lipid-Soluble Hormones
They do not readily diffuse through the walls of all capillaries - therefore, they tend to diffuse from the blood into tissue spaces more slowly
CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones
Water-Soluble Hormones
The life span of ________ ranges from a few days to as long as several weeks.
CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones
Lipid-Soluble Hormones
They have relatively short half-lives because they are rapidly degraded by enzymes, called proteases, within the bloodstream
CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones
Water-Soluble Hormones
Hormones with short half-lives normally have concentrations that change rapidly within the blood and tend to regulate activities that have a rapid onset and short duration. True or False
True
Lipid-Soluble Hormones are more stable in blood than others. True or False
False - Water-Soluble Hormone
Hormones that circulate in the blood are controlled by ____________
CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli
Humoral stimuli
Occurs when a hormone is secreted that, in turn, stimulates the secretion of other hormones
CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli
Hormonal stimuli
Neurons release a neurotransmitter into the synapse with the cells that produce the hormone
CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli
Neural stimuli
These hormones are sensitive to blood levels of a particular substance, such as glucose, calcium, or sodium
CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli
Humoral stimuli
Blood-borne chemicals can directly stimulate the release of some hormones
CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli
Humoral stimuli
In some cases, neurotransmitter stimulates the cells to increase hormone secretion
CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli
Neural stimuli
Examples of this are hormones from the anterior pituitary gland called tropic hormones
CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli
Hormonal stimuli
This inhibition of hormone release is often when a hormone’s release is sensitive to the presence of a humoral stimulus, there exists a companion hormone whose release is inhibited by the same humoral stimulus
Inhibition of hormone release by humoral stimuli
Neurons inhibit targets just as often as they stimulate targets
Inhibition of hormone release by neural stimuli
Some hormones prevent the secretion of other hormones, which is a common mode of hormone regulation
Inhibition of hormone release by hormonal stimuli
The companion hormone’s effects oppose those of the secreted hormone and counteract the secreted hormone’s action
Inhibition of hormone release by humoral stimuli
If the neurotransmitter is inhibitory, the target endocrine gland does not secrete its hormone
CHOICES:
Inhibition of hormone release by neural stimuli, Inhibition of hormone release by humoral stimuli, Inhibition of hormone release by hormonal stimuli
Inhibition of hormone release by neural stimuli
stimulates the further secretion of the original hormone
CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback
Positive feedback
a self-propagating system
CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback
Positive feedback
Hormone production is halted
CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback
Negative feedback
the hormone’s secretion is inhibited by the hormone itself once blood levels have reached a certain point
CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback
Negative feedback
tropic hormones stimulate the release of other hormones
CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback
Positive feedback
may inhibit the action
of other, stimulatory hormones to prevent the secretion of
the hormone in question.
CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback
Negative feedback
self-limiting system
CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback
Negative feedback
where hormones exert action by binding to protein
CHOICES:
Specificity, Receptor site, Target tissue, Receptors
Receptors
the tendency of hormones to bind to one type of receptor
CHOICES:
Specificity, Receptor site, Target tissue, Receptors
Specificity
a portion of each receptor molecule where a hormone binds
CHOICES:
Specificity, Receptor site, Target tissue, Receptors
Receptor site
responding tissue based on the hormone released
CHOICES:
Specificity, Receptor site, Target tissue, Receptors
Target tissue
interaction with cell DNA to regulate transcriptions
Lipid-soluble hormones bind to nuclear receptors
hormone-receptor complex initiates a response inside the cell (G proteins, cAMP, protein kinase)
Water-soluble hormones to membrane-bound receptors
After lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma membrane and bind to their receptors, the hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA to produce a response. True or False
True
Combination of the hormone and its receptor forms a translation factor. True or False
transcription
__________ receptors that have peptide chains that are anchored in the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane
Membrane-bound
Membrane-bound receptors activate responses in three (3) ways. True or False
False - 2
Activation of G proteins, or intracellular enzymes, elicits specific responses in cells, including the production of molecules called, __________
second messengers
Other receptors directly alter the activity of intracellular enzymes. True or False
True
G proteins consist of three (3) subunits where Alpha is the ______, Beta, and Gamma which is the ______
largest, smallest
In the ________ state, a guanine diphosphate (GDP) molecule is bound to the (a) subunit of each protein
inactive
In ________, guanine triphosphate (GTP) is bound to the (a) subunit
active state
Activated (a) subunits of G proteins can alter the activity of enzymes inside the cell. True or False
True
Hormones that stimulate the synthesis of second messengers can produce an almost instantaneous response because the second messenger influences the existing enzyme. True or False
True
Each receptor produces thousands of second messengers, leading to a ___________ and ultimately amplification of the hormonal signal
cascade effect
small gland about the size of pea
CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
Pituitary gland
an important autonomic nervous system and endocrine control center of the brain located inferior to the thalamus
CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
Hypothalamus
a stalk that connects the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus
CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
Infundibulum
Controls the functions of many other glands
CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
Pituitary gland
Secretes hormones that influence growth, kidney function, birth, milk production
CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
Pituitary gland
made up of epithelial cells derived from the embryonic oral cavity
CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
Anterior pituitary
master gland
CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
Pituitary gland
an extension of the brain; composed of nerve cells
CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
Posterior pituitary
capillary beds and veins that transport the releasing and inhibiting hormones
CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
affects body growth by stimulating protein synthesis by increasing gene expression
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Growth hormone
promotes synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
increase secretion of glucocorticoid hormones
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
increases melanin production in melanocytes
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
Increases pigmentation
skin
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Increase blood glucose level
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Growth hormone
promote ovulation and progesterone production on ovary
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone
promotes testosterone synthesis and support for sperm cell production in testis
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
promotes follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in ovary
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
promote development of breast during pregnancy
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
Promotes sperm cell production in testis
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Stimulates milk production and prolongs progesterone secretion
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
Increases sensitivity to LH in males
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
conserves water; constricts blood vessels
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Antidiuretic hormone
swift birth; increase uterine contraction; increase milk letdown
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Oxytocin
Also known as the love hormone
CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
Oxytocin
deficiency in GH although normally proportioned
CHOICES:
Gonadotropins, Pituitary dwarf, Diabetes insipidus, insulin-like growth factors, Acromegaly, Gigantism
Pituitary dwarf
excess GH where exaggerated bone growth occurs
CHOICES:
Gonadotropins, Pituitary dwarf, Diabetes insipidus, insulin-like growth factors, Acromegaly, Gigantism
Gigantism
abnormally large facial features and hands
CHOICES:
Gonadotropins, Pituitary dwarf, Diabetes insipidus, insulin-like growth factors, Acromegaly, Gigantism
Acromegaly
Part of the effect of growth hormone is influenced by a group of protein hormones called _______
CHOICES:
Gonadotropins, Pituitary dwarf, Diabetes insipidus, insulin-like growth factors, Acromegaly, Gigantism
insulin-like growth factors
large production of dilute urine
CHOICES:
Gonadotropins, Pituitary dwarf, Diabetes insipidus, insulin-like growth factors, Acromegaly, Gigantism
Diabetes insipidus
regulate the growth, development, and functions of the gonads
CHOICES:
Gonadotropins, Pituitary dwarf, Diabetes insipidus, insulin-like growth factors, Acromegaly, Gigantism
Gonadotropins
made up of two lobes connected by a narrow band
Thyroid gland
The main function of thyroid hormones is to secrete thyroid hormones, which bind to nuclear receptors in cells and regulate the rate of metabolism in the body. True or False
True
decreases the rate of bone
CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland
Calcitonin
increases metabolic rates
CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland
Thyroid hormone
contains three iodine atoms
CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland
Triiodothyronine
contains four iodine atoms
CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland
Thyroxine/Tetraiodothyronine
Essential for normal process of growth
CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland
Thyroid hormone
where thyroid hormones are synthesized and stored
CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland
Thyroid follicles
prevents large increase in blood Ca2+ levels
CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland
Calcitonin
narrow band that connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland
CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland
Isthmus
Essential for the regulation of blood calcium levels
CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Increases rate of bone, Vitamin D synthesis, and Ca+ levels in the blood
CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Embedded in the posterior wall of the thyroid gland
CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
lack of thyroid hormones
CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism
hypothyroidism
congenital absence of thyroxine in infants
CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism
cretinism
hyperthyroidism that results when the immune system produces abnormal proteins
CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism
grave disease
accumulation of fluid and other molecules in subcutaneous tissue in adults
CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism
myxedema
the elevated rate of thyroid hormone secretion
CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism
bulging of the eyes
CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism
exophthalmia
abnormally high rate of PTH secretion
CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
abnormally low rate of PTH
CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
Prone to kidney stone formation
CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
CHVOSTEK’s sign and TROSSEAU sign
CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
Two (2) small glands located superior to each kidney
CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland
adrenal glands
the inner part of the adrenal glands is called ________
CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland
adrenal medulla
the outer part of the adrenal glands is called ________
CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland
adrenal cortex
adrenaline
CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland
epinephrine
fight-or-flight hormones
CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
regulates water balance
CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland
Aldosterone
increase fat and protein breakdown
CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland
Cortisol
increases blood flow to skeletal muscles and heart
CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
male sex hormone that stimulates the development of male sexual characteristics
CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland
Androgens
the primary mineralocorticoid
CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland
Aldosterone
Low blood pressure causes the release of a protein molecule called _______ (protein molecule that acts as an enzyme) from the kidney
CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland
renin
Helps the body in a stressful situation by providing an energy source
CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland
Cortisol
artificial cortisol; anti-inflammatory effect
CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland
Cortisone
hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones
CHOICES:
Addison’s disease, Hyperaldosteronism, Cushing’s disease, Hirsutism, Pneumothorax
Addison’s disease
tumor in the middle cortex
CHOICES:
Addison’s disease, Hyperaldosteronism, Cushing’s disease, Hirsutism, Pneumothorax
Cushing’s disease
hyperactivity of outer cortex
CHOICES:
Addison’s disease, Hyperaldosteronism, Cushing’s disease, Hirsutism, Pneumothorax
Hyperaldosteronism
masculinization
CHOICES:
Addison’s disease, Hyperaldosteronism, Cushing’s disease, Hirsutism, Pneumothorax
Hirsutism
promotes immune system development and functions
CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon
Thymosin
lies in the upper part of the thoracic cavity
CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon
Thymus
Helps the development of certain WBC (T-cells)
CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon
Thymosin
inhibits the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon
Melatonin
a small, pine cone-shaped structure located superior and posterior to the thalamus of the brain
CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon
pineal gland
secreted by beta cells
CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon
Insulin
secreted by delta cells
CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon
Somatostatin
secreted by alpha cells
CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon
Glucagon
It is important to maintain blood glucose levels within a normal range. True or False
True
Blood glucose is too low, kidneys produce large volumes of urine containing substantial amounts of glucose. True or False
False - low
The hormone glucagon responds to the elevated blood glucose levels and increased parasympathetic stimulation associated with digestion of a meal
False - insulin
Major target tissues for insulin are the live, adipose tissue, muscles, and the area of the hypothalamus that controls appetite called the ________
CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia
satiety
A disorder in which the body does not produce enough or respond normally to insulin, causing blood sugar (glucose) levels to be abnormally high. Urination and thirst are increased, and people may lose weight even if they are not trying to.
CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia
Diabetes Mellitus
occurs when too little insulin is secreted from pancreas
CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia
DM Type 1
caused by insufficient number of insulin receptors
CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia
DM Type 2
increased appetite/eating
CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia
Polyphagia
high blood glucose level
CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia
Hyperglycemia
excessive urination volume
CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia
Polyuria
excessive thirst
CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia
Polydipsia
main hormone in male
CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes
Testosterone
Produces sperm cells
CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes
testes
aid in uterine and mammary gland development and function, external genitalia structure, secondary sexual characteristics, sexual behavior, menstrual cycle
CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes
Estrogen and Progesterone
Responsible for the growth and development of the male reproductive structures, muscle enlargement, growth of body hair, voice changes, male sexual drive
CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes
Testosterone
mediate inflammatory responses
CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes
Prostaglandins
Increase uterine contractions and ovulation
CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes
Prostaglandins
acts on the bone marrow to increase the production of RBCs
CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes
Erythropoietin
stimulated production of estrogen and progesterone
CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
