Chapter 11 Flashcards
Motives
Internal state that arouse and direct behavior toward specific objects or goals.
Needs
State of tension within a person.
Hierarchy of Needs
An individual’s various needs can be thought of as existing at different levels of strength.
Dynamic
Mutual influence of forces within a person, the interaction of various motives within a person.
Achievement
To master, manipulate, or organize others, objects, or ideas. To accomplish difficult tasks, and to do this as rapidly and independently as possible.
Exhibition
To be seen and heard, to be the center of attention. To make an impression on others.
Order
To put things in orderly arrangement, to desire cleanliness, organization, balance, neatness, and precision.
Dominance
To seek to influence or direct the behavior of others by persuasion, command, suggestion, or seduction.
Abasement
To accept injury, criticism, and blame. To submit passively to external force, to resign oneself to fate.
Aggression
To overcome opposition forcefully. To avenge an injury.
Autonomy
To shake off restraint, break our of confines. To get free, to resist coercion and restriction.
Blame-Avoidance
To avoid humiliation at all costs. To avoid situations that may lead to embarrassment or belittlement.
Affilliation
To enjoy cooperation or reciprocal interaction with similar others. To draw near to others.
Nurturance
To take care of others in need, to give sympathy and gratify the needs of helpless others, such as a child, or someone who is weak, disabled, inexperienced, infirm, humiliated, lonely, dejected, or confused.
Succor
To receive aid from others. To have one’s needs gratified by another, to be nursed, supported, protected, advised, or consoled.
Press
Need-relevant aspects of the environment.
Alpha Press
Real environment.
Beta Press
Perceived Environment.
Apperception
Act of interpreting the environment and perceiving the meaning of what is going on in a situation.
Thematic Apperception Test
A lot of ink blots on a frame, and the person is to make and identity a story to that picture.
State Levels
A person’s momentary amount of a specific need, which can fluctuate with specific circumstances.
Trait Levels
Measuring a person’s average tendency, or their set point, on the specific trait.
Multi-Motive Grid
Combines features of the TAT with features of self-report questionnaires.
Self-Attributed Motivation
A person’s self-awareness of their own conscious motives or normative beliefs about desirable goals and modes of conduct.
Need for Achievement
The desire to do better, to be successful, and to feel competent.
Independence Training
Parents can behave in ways that promote autonomy and independence in their children.
Need for Power
A readiness or preference for having an impact on other people.
Responsibility Training
Life experiences that provide opportunities to learn to behave responsibly.
Power Stress
When people do not get their way, or when their power is challenged or blocked, they are likely to show strong stress responses.
Need for Intimacy
Recurrent preference or readiness for warm, close, and communicative interaction with others.
Humanistic Tradition
Emphasis on the role of choice in human life, as well as the influence of responsibility on creating a meaningful and satisfying life.
Physiological Needs
Needs that are of prime importance to the immediate survival of the individual.
Safety Needs
Needs that have to do with shelter and security, such as having a place to live and being free from the threat of danger.
Belongingness Needs
Needs that fulfill social belongingness by being accepted by others and welcomed into a group.
Esteem Needs
Fulfillment of needs from your esteem of yourself and from others.
Self-Actualization Need
Need to develop one’s potential, to become the person one was meant to be.
Fully Functioning Person
Person who is on their way toward self-actualization.
Positive Regard
Children are born wanting to beloved and accepted by their parents and others.
Conditions of Worth
Requirements set forth by parents or significant others for earning their positive regard.
Conditional Positive Regard
Positive regard, when it must be earned by meeting certain conditions.
Unconditional Positive Regard
When the parents and significant others accept the child without conditions, communicating that they love and value the child because the child just is.
Positive Self-Regard
People are free to accept themselves, even their own weaknesses and shortcomings.
Anxiety
Result of having an experience that does not fit with one’s self-conception.
Distortion
People who modify their experience rather than their self-image to reduce the threat.
Emotional Intelligence
Ability to know one’s own emotions, to regulate these emotions, motivate oneself, to know how others are feeling, and the ability to influence how others are feeling.
Client-Centered Therapy
Client is never given an interpretation of their problem. The therapist tries to create the right conditions in which the client can change themselves.
Core Conditions
Three conditions: an atmosphere of genuine acceptance on the part of the therapist, the therapist must express unconditional positive regard for the client, and the client must feel that the therapist understands them.
Empathy
Understanding the other person from their point of view.
