Chapter 10- Rogers Flashcards
What is Rogers’ system of therapy called?
client-centered therapy
What is Roger’s theory of personality called?
Person-centered
What is the actualization tendency?
Tendency of people to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials
What is the formative tendency?
Tendency of all matter to evolve from simpler to more complex forms
A state of congruence exists when?
When the organismic (real) self, perceived self, and ideal self are in harmony
Discrepancies between what two selves results in incongruence?
Self-concept and organismic self
What are some defenses people use against experiences that threaten a self-concept?
Denial and distortion
Healthy people evaluate their experiences as good or bad according to what?
The actualizing tendency
What are some barriers to psychological health?
Conditions of worth, incongruence, defensiveness, and disorganization
What are maintenance motives ?
Homeostasis of basic biological needs and of the self-concept
What are enhancement motives?
Need to develop and grow
What are the three qualities a therapist must have in order to be a psychotherapist?
- Congruence
- Unconditional positive regard toward client
- Empathy/empathetically listen to client
Rogers was the first to _______ study the effects of therapy
Empirically
What are two ways Rogers studied the effects of therapy?
- Recording 2 min. segments and observing what people talked about in their sessions
- Used the Q-Sort method to compare the ideal self and self-concept before and after therapy
Rogers engaged in debates with who?
B.F. Skinner
What was Rogers interested in as a child?
Farming
Rogers was more concerned with ______ than finding out why people behaved
Helping people
Describe the first stage of therapeutic change
-Client won’t speak about feelings openly and blame others for their pain
Describe the second stage of therapeutic change
-Client discusses external events and others, but not their feelings
Describe the third stage of therapeutic change
Client talks about themself, but as an object. They may talk about past feelings, but not present ones
Describe the fourth stage of therapeutic change
Client begins to talk about deep feelings, but not ones presently felt. They begin to see the incongruence between their perceived and organismic experiences
Describe the fifth stage of therapeutic change
Significant change and growth occurs, clients can express present feelings, though they haven’t accurately symbolized them. Begin to accept responsibility for their choices
Describe the sixth stage of therapeutic change
Dramatic, irreversible growth and movement. Experiences no longer denied or distorted, base their behaviors on their organismic self. Experience positive self regard
Describe the seventh stage of therapeutic change
Fully functioning “person of tomorrow”, able to generalize in-therapy experiences to the outside, are confident, congruent, and possess positive self regard at all times
What are the negative consequences of conditions of worth?
We begin to believe that our worth is conditional, which distorts our perceptions making us estranged from our real self. It prevents us from being ourselves and doing the things we enjoy because others may not approve.
How does anxiety and threat develop?
When we become aware of the incongruence between the organismic self and self-concept
How does vulnerability develop?
When we have no awareness of the incongruence between organismic self and self concept
Name and describe 3 conditions necessary for effective psychotherapy
Counselor congruence- therapist must be congruent in their organismic self and self-concept
Unconditionally Positive Regard- Therapist must show the client that they support and like them unconditionally, not based on their worth
Empathy- Therapist must show empathy toward their client. They can do this by using empathetic listening, a technique in which you paraphrase what the person you’re talking to says to show you’re listening.
