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Social Psychology > Chapter 10- Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships > Flashcards

Chapter 10- Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships Flashcards

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1
Q

self-expansion

A
  • desire to blend with another person, so that you have access to that person’s knowledge, insights, and experience
  • broadens your own experience
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2
Q

propinquity effect

A
  • the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends
  • b/c of familiarity
  • relationships develop b/c “at the right place at the right time”
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3
Q

what determines attraction and propinquity

A
  1. ) physical distance

2. ) functional distance- how often paths cross

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4
Q

familiarity

A
  • mere exposure effect
  • more exposure to stimulus, the more we like it
  • typically associate positive feelings with familiar things
  • breeds attraction
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5
Q

similarity

A
  • match between our demographics, interests, attitudes, values, background, experiences, looks or personality
  • more similar -> more attracted
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6
Q

perceived similarity

A
  • degree on how much one believes to be similar to another

- attraction as long as FEEL similar

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7
Q

reciprocal liking

A
  • we like to be liked

- powerful enough to outweigh dissimilar aspects

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8
Q

What determines who we like

A
  1. ) propinquity
  2. ) similarity
  3. ) reciprocal liking
  4. ) physical appearance
  5. ) familiarity
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9
Q

what is attractive

A
  • symmetrical faces
  • big eyes
  • prominent cheekbones (maturity)
  • similar views across cultures
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10
Q

familiarity and propinquity

A

-people we see frequently become familiar

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11
Q

familiarity and similarity

A

-people who are more similar to us seem more familiar

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12
Q

familiarity and reciprocal liking

A

-people who like each other get to know and become familiar with each other

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13
Q

beauty matters proof

A
  1. ) more attractive infant is healthier
  2. ) more attractive candidate wins
  3. ) more sociable and extroverted
  4. ) more assertive
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14
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

-the way we treat people affects how they behave and ultimately perceive themselves

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15
Q

evolutionary approach to make selection

A
  • fitness measured by reproductive success
  • symmetrical faces = better genes
  • females focus on investment
  • males focs on # of mates
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16
Q

definition of love

A
  • includes passionate, giddy feelings
  • includes deep, long-term devotion
  • both compassionate and passionate
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17
Q

compassionate love

A
  • feelings of intimacy and affection we have for someone
  • not accompanied by passion
  • experienced in sexual and nonsexual relationships
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18
Q

passionate love

A
  • intense longing for another person
  • experience physiological arousal
  • strong, uncontrollable thoughts of affection
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19
Q

romantic love across cultures

A
  • we all love, but not in the same way
  • individualistic societies make it personal experience
  • collectivist societies consider wishes of family/society
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20
Q

attachment styles

A
  • expectations people develop about relationships with others based on relationships they had with primary caregiver
  • serve as schemas for future relationships
    1. ) secure
    2. ) avoidant
    3. ) anxious
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21
Q

secure attachment

A
  • caregivers responsive to needs
  • positive interactions
  • trust
  • not worried about abandonment
  • more likely to develop lasting relationships
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22
Q

avoidant attachment

A
  • caregivers aloof and distant
  • attempt to establish intimacy
  • desire to be close to caregiver
  • difficult to trust
  • hard time developing lasting relationships
  • hesitant to rely on others for support
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23
Q

anxious attachment

A
  • caregiver inconsistent w/ affection
  • hard to predict when they will respond to needs
  • want to be close, but worry of no reciprocation in affection
  • find others unpredictable
  • fear of rejection
  • very difficult to establish long term relationships
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24
Q

social exchange theory

A
  • how people feel about relationship depends on
    1. ) perception of rewards
    2. ) perceptions of costs
    3. ) beliefs on what they think they deserve
    4. ) beliefs on whether or not they could do better
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25
Q

rewards of relationship

A
  • gratifying aspects that make relationship worthwhile
  • personal characteristics/behaviors
  • external resources- money, friends, etc
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26
Q

outcome of relationship

A
  • costs minus rewards

- needs to be positive to last

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27
Q

determinants of relationship satisfaction

A
  1. ) rewards and costs
  2. ) comparison level
  3. ) comparison level for alternative
28
Q

comparison level

A
  • what you expect the outcome of your relationship to be in terms of rewards
  • high means lots of rewards and few costs
29
Q

comparison level for alternative

A
  • perception of likelihood that you could replace relationship with a better one
  • if low, most likely to stay in relationship b/c fear no other option
30
Q

investment model

A
  • anything people have put into a relationship that will be lost if they leave it
  • finances, time, energy, emotion, integrity
  • greater investment -> less likely to leave
31
Q

predicting if will stay in relationship

A
  1. ) how satisfied
  2. ) are there alternatives
  3. ) amount of investment
32
Q

equity theory

A
  • rewards, costs, and contributions should be equal
  • if equal -> happy and stable
  • prevents uneasiness of under or over-benefitted
33
Q

exchange relationships

A

-people keep track of who is contributing what and feel taken advantage of when they feel they are contributing more than the other, but getting less out of it

34
Q

communal relationship

A
  • partners governed less by equity and more by desire to help each other in times of need
  • don’t expect to get “paid back”
  • contributions will eventually balance out
35
Q

four stages of relationship dissolution

A
  1. ) intrapersonal
  2. ) dyadic
  3. ) social
  4. ) intrapersonal
36
Q

intrapersonal beginning dissolution

A

-think about dissatisfaction of relationship

37
Q

dyadic dissolution

A

-discuss breakup with partner

38
Q

social dissolution

A

-announce breakup

39
Q

intrapersonal end dissolution

A

-recover from breakup and form internal account of how and why it happened

40
Q

4 behaviors in troubled relationship

A
  1. ) actively harming (destructive)
  2. ) allowing relationship to deteriorate (destructive)
  3. ) trying to improve (constructive)
  4. ) remaining loyal (constructive)
    * more destructive results in termination
41
Q

mutual breakup

A
  • each partner effectively plays role of breaker and breakee simultaneously
  • more potential for future friendship
  • role played is major factor in how breakup is handled
42
Q

fatal attraction

A

-qualities in a person that wer once attractive become the qualities that repel and lead to breakup

43
Q

Melanie doesn’t find it easy to trust other people and says that she “doesn’t need anybody.” In all likelihood, Melanie’s _____ attachment style can be traced to a caregiver who _____

A

avoidant

aloof and distant

44
Q

Dave took Jennifer out for an elaborate birthday date, including an expensive gift. However, when Dave’s birthday came, Jennifer gave him some flowers, and told him that she had too much work to do anything special that night. Dave was very upset. Jennifer could not understand his anger; she thought he had given her a gift because he loved her, not because he expected an equal gift in return. Dave believes they are in a (n) _____ relationship whereas Jennifer believes they are in a(n) ______ relationship.

A

exchange

communal

45
Q

Lorie’s parents were rather neglectful, and growing up she had an avoidant attachment style. When she starts dating Nick, who is securely attached, what is likely to happen to Lorie?

A

she may become securely attached over time and with experience

46
Q

When Leon Festinger and his colleagues studied friendship patterns among married couples in an apartment complex at MIT, they found that people who lived at the foot of the stairs or near mailboxes had more friends on upper floors than did other people who lived on the first floor. This illustrates the power of _____ to influence friendship patterns.

A

functional distance

47
Q

Dave is low-skilled in his interpersonal style – he tends to see interactions as simple and focuses on what was accomplished. His partner, Lynn, is high-skilled and tends to focus on the psychological aspects of their conversations. According to information in your text, what is likely to happen between Dave and Lynn?

A

they are likely to be frustrated with each other b/c they are dissimilar

48
Q

Claire and Matt are involved in a romantic relationship. Matt has recently given Claire a gold bracelet. Because there was no special occasion, Claire now feels the need to reciprocate the gift. The _____ theory of relationships is most applicable in this case.

A

equity

49
Q

Recall that Judith Langlois and her colleagues (1990) used computer graphics to generate composite faces that reflected the exact mathematical average the facial features of a large number of individual photographs. They then asked participants to rate the attractiveness of the composite photograph and the individual photographs that were combined to make up the composite. These researchers found that

A

participants preferred the composite photo over the individuals

50
Q

According to research conducted by Robin Akert (1998), what is the single best predictor of how well ex-partners cope in the aftermath of the dissolution of their relationship?

A

the role they played in the decision to break up

51
Q

Recall that Elaine Hatfield (Walster) and her colleagues (1966) randomly paired incoming students for a first-year orientation dance. They found that men _____

A

and women valued physical attractiveness

52
Q

According to Steve Duck (1982), relationship dissolution doesn’t happen all at once; instead, it is characterized by a series of stages. These stages are, in order:

A

intrapersonal
dyadic
social
intrapersonal

53
Q

Ramona cares deeply about Raül, but does not feel any physical arousal towards him. Raül, on the other hand, has feelings of great longing accompanied by physical arousal whenever she’s near. In this situation, Ramona is feeling _____ love for Raül, whereas Raül, is feeling _____ love for Ramona.

A

companionate

passionate

54
Q

Which of the following ideas is not consistent with Rusbult’s investment model of commitment?

A

you commitment, your rewards, and your costs determine your investment in the relationship

55
Q

Evolutionary theory suggests that

A

women should be attracted to older, more financially stable men

56
Q

_____ refers to the notion that the more we encounter a stimulus, the more we grow to like it.

A

mere exposure

57
Q

John and Patricia are miserable in their relationship. If John were to use a tactic that is bothe destructive and passive he might

A

ignore the problem and spend less time with Patricia

58
Q

People from Asian cultures are more likely to be concerned that _______________ than are North Americans.

A

their romantic relationship doesn’t disrupt the existing family network

59
Q

Sheila is considered to be very attractive by both men and women. Which of the following features is she most likely to have?

A

large eyes

60
Q

When people are asked to rate the attractiveness of faces, the faces that they most prefer

A

most resemble their own

61
Q

People are most likely to associate physical attractiveness with

A

social competence

62
Q

Art needs a date for Friday night. All things being equal, who will he be most likely to ask out?

A

Brittany, who told Art she likes him

63
Q

Cliff believes that his relationship with Kristi provides as many rewards and as few costs as he expects in a relationship. Cliff considers himself fortunate, because he does not believe that he can get nearly as good an outcome with anyone else. Cliff can be described as having a _____ comparison level and a __________comparison level for alternatives.

A

high

low

64
Q

Social exchange theory posits that relationship satisfaction depends on our perceptions of the rewards and cost associated with the relationship, what kind of relationship we believe we deserve, and whether

A

we believe relationship with someone else would be better

65
Q

Research suggests that there is _____________ between babies and adults, men and women, and people from several cultures as to what is considered physically attractive.

A

amazing consistency

66
Q

According to the authors, the greatest amount of research supports the notion of ______ over the notion of ______.

A

similarity

complimentarily

67
Q

The more we see and interact with other people, the more likely they are to become our friends. This statement captures the essence of the ______ effect.

A

propinquity

Social Psychology (13 decks)

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