Chapter 10 - Establishing the Requirements Flashcards
At what stage are the largest proportion of errors introduced into an IT project?
Requirements analysis
What are typical problems with requirements?
Lack of clarity
Conflicts
Uncertainty amongst business users about what they need
Business users failing to identify all requirements
Business users and analysts taking knowledge for granted
What is a duckrabbit?
Different views of the same business depending on perspectives
What are the stages of Requirements Engineering?
Requirements elicitation
Requirements analysis
Requirements validation
Requirements documentation
Requirements Management
What is Requirements Elicitation?
Drawing out information and requirements from the business stakeholders.
What is Requirements Analysis?
Scrutinise initial requirements list to ensure they are well formed and align with business objectives.
What is Requirements Validation?
External stakeholders review requirements to sign off
What is Requirements documentation ?
Development of well-organised requirements document.
What is Requirements management?
Activities needed to manage any changes to the requirements.
What is explicit knowledge?
Can easily be articulated and is at the front of user’s mind
What is tacit knowledge?
Aspects of work a user is unable to explain or articulate.
Give examples of common individual tacit knowledge
Skills
Taken-for-granted information
Front-story/back-story - giving more positive view than is actually the case.
Conceptualising Requirements for new business system
Cultural and language differences
Intuitive understanding
Give examples of common organisational tacit knowledge
Norms of behaviour/comms
Organisational culture
Organisation stories
Formal and informal networks
Give examples of individual explicit knowledge
Task definitions
Job descriptions
Targets
Volumes
Frequencies
Give examples of explicit organisational knowledge
Procedures
Style guides
Knowledge sharing repositories
Manuals
Company reports
Give examples of Requirements Elicitation methods for uncovering tacit knowledge
Apprentice
Observe
Recount
Enact
What techniques are covered by Apprentice?
Shadowing
Protocol analysis
What techniques are covered by Observe?
Observation
Shadowing
What techniques are covered by Recount?
Story-telling
Scenario
What techniques are covered by Enact?
Prototype
Scenario role-play
What is the purpose of the Requirements list?
Ensure everything is documented and source identified
What models can be used in Requirements analysis to ensure requirements are in scope?
Use case diagram
Business process model
Data model
What tasks are included in Requirements Analysis?
Categorisation of Requirements
Models of requirements elicited
Filters to ensure requirements are well defined
What four categories should Requirements be put in?
General (business)
Technical
Functional
Non-functional
What filters should be used to examine requirements?
Overlap/duplicates
Unraveling multiple requirements
Confirming relevance
Feasibility evaluation (technical, business, financial)
Removing conflicts
Checking for solutions (pre-determined)
Quality
What quality criteria should be applied to requirements?
Clear
Concise
Consistent
Relevant
Unambiguous
Correct
Testable
Traceable
What are the potential outcomes of requirements analysis?
Accept requirement
Re-word to remove jargon/ambiguity
Merge duplicated/overlapping
Split into individual entries
Take unclear, ambiguous or conflicting requirements back to users for clarification
What representatives should be included in review group for Requirements Validation?
Business sponsor
Business owners of requirements
Subject matter expert
Developers
Testers
PMO for compliance
What are the there possible outcomes to a Requirements review?
Document confirmed as satisfactory
Document requires some amendment
Document requires significant re-work
What is the difference with Requirements Elicitation when using agile development?
Agile evolves requirements during development so not as much detail is specified in advance.
What questions should be answered in User Stories?
Who?
What?
Why?
