Chapter 10

Question 1

performance management

Answer 1

series of activities designed to ensure that the organization gets the performance it needs from its employees

Question 2

performance appraisals

Answer 2

process of determining how well employees do their jobs relative to a standard and communicating that information to them

Question 3

performance driven organizational culture

Answer 3

focuses on the results and contributions made by employees

Question 4

job duties

Answer 4

important elements in a given job

Question 5

trait based information

Answer 5

identifies a character trait of the employee, such as attitude, intitiative, or creativity, and may or may not be job related

Question 6

allophilia

Answer 6

an important leadership trait that involves the degree to which employees are positive toward another group when they are not members of that group

Question 7

behavior based information

Answer 7

focuses on specific behaviors that lead to job success

Question 8

performance standards

Answer 8

define the expected levels of employee performance

Question 9

informal appraisial

Answer 9

daily working relationship between a amanager and an employee offers an opportunity for the evaluation through various conversatios on the job, or by on-the-spot discussion of specific occurrences.

Question 10

systematic appraisal

Answer 10

occurs when the contact between manager and employee is more formal, and a system is in place to report managerial impressions and observations on employee performance.

Question 11

graphic rating scale

Answer 11

scale that allows the rater to mark an employee’s performance on a continuum indicating low to high levels of a particular characteristic

Question 12

behaviorally anchored rating scale

Answer 12

scale that describes specific examples of job behavior, which are then “anchored” or measured against a scale of performance levels

Question 13

ranking

Answer 13

performance appraisal method in which employees are listed from highest to lowest based on their performance levels and relative contributions

Question 14

forced distribution

Answer 14

performance appraisal method in which ratings of employees’ performance levels are distributed along a bell-shaped curve

Question 15

management by objectives (MBO)

Answer 15

a specific performance appraisal method that highlights the performance goals that an individual and manager identify together

Question 16

implementing a guided self-appraisail system using MBO is a 4 stage process

Answer 16

1. job review and agreement
2. development of performance standards
3. setting of objectives
4. continuing performance discussion

Question 17

recency effect

Answer 17

occurs when a rater gives greater weight to recent events when appraising an individual’s performance

Question 18

primacy effect

Answer 18

occurs when a rater gives information received first when appraising an individual’s performance

Question 19

central tendency effort

Answer 19

occurs when a rater gives all employees a score within a narrow range in the middle of the scale

Question 20

leniency error

Answer 20

occurs when ratings of all employees fall at the high end of the scale

Question 21

strictiness error

Answer 21

occurs when a manager uses only the lower end of the scale to rate employees

Question 22

rater bias

Answer 22

occurs when a rater’s values or prejudices distort the rating

Question 23

halo effect

Answer 23

occurs when a rater scores an employee high on all job criteria because of performance in one area of the assigned work responsibilites

Question 24

horns effect

Answer 24

occurs when a low rating on one characteristic leads to an overall low rating

Question 25

contrast error

Answer 25

tendency to rate people relative to others rather than against performance standards