Chapter 10 Flashcards
temperament
an individual’s innate disposition or behavioral style and characteristic emotional response
psychosocial stages
Erik son’s theory that individuals pass through with developmental stages, each involving a crisis that must be successfully resolved
Stages 1-8
resiliency
ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats
10.4 Describe Thomas and Chess’s temperament theory.
they emphasized the innate, biological components of traits (such as sociability) and observed that babies often exhibit differences in temperament shortly after birth
three categories of temperament:
1. easy
2. difficult
3. slow-to-warm-up
these appear to be consistent throughout childhood and adulthood
10.5 Describe Erikson’s eight psychosocial stages.
covers entire life span and each stage is marked by a “psychosocial” crisis/conflict related to a specific developmental task
10.5 Erikson’s four stages for childhood
trust vs. mistrust (birth - age 1)
autonomy vs. shame and doubt (ages 1-3)
initiative vs. guild (ages 3-6)
industry vs. inferiority (ages 6-12)
10.5 major psychosocial identity crisis of adolescence
identity vs. role confusion (ages 12-20)
10.5 young adulthood
intimacy vs. isolation
10.5 middle adulthood
generativity vs. stagnation
10.5 late adulthood/end of life
ego integrity vs. despair (at the realization of lost opportunities)
10.8 Describe how work and retirement affect development.
the kind of work can affect our health, friendships, where we live, and even our leisure activities.
life satisfaction after retirement appears to be most strongly related to good health, control over ones life, social support, and participation in community services and social activities.
an infant’s inborn disposition is known as _____. a)personality; b)reflexes; c)temperament; d)traits
c) temperament
ex. Marcos has trouble keeping friends and jobs because he continually asks for guarantees and reassurance of his worth.
trust vs. mistrust
ex. Ann has attended several colleges without picking a major, has taken several ovational training programs, and has had numerous jobs over the last 10 years
identity vs. role confusion
ex. Teresa is reluctant to apply for a promotion even though her coworkers have encouraged her to do so. She worries that she will be taking a job from someone else and questions her worth.
initiative vs. guilt
ex. George continually obsesses over the value of his life. He regrets that he left his wife and children for a job in another country and failed to maintain contact.
ego integrity vs. despair
identify the three traits of resilient children (2)
good intellectual functioning
relationships with caring adults
ability to regulate their attention, emotions, and behavior
theory of aging suggest that you should remain active and involved until death
activity theory
theory suggests that you should naturally and gracefully withdraw from life
disengagement theory
