Chapter 10

Question 1

respiratory system

Answer 1

exchange these gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) with the air

Question 2

respiration encompasses 4 processes

Answer 2

1. breathing
2. external respiration
3. internal respiration
4. cellular respiration

Question 3

ventilation

Answer 3

movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 4

nose

Answer 4

1. contains receptors for the sense of smell
2. filters inhaled air and screens out some foreign particles
3. moistens and warms incoming air
4. provides a resonating chamber that helps give your voice its characteristic tone

Question 5

nasal cavity

Answer 5

internal portion of the nose

Question 6

pharynx

Answer 6

throat. connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx (voice box).

Question 7

larynx

Answer 7

voice box, extends for bout 5 cm below the pharynx. serves:

1. maintain an open airway
2. route food and air into the appropriate channels
3. Assist in he production of sound

Question 8

epiglottis

Answer 8

flexible flap of cartilage located at the opening to the larynx

Question 9

vocal cords

Answer 9

consist of 2 folds of connective tissue that extend across the airway

Question 10

glottis

Answer 10

surround the opening to the airway

Question 11

trachea

Answer 11

“windpipe”. consists of a series of C-shaped, incomplete rings of cartilage held together by connective tissue and muscle

Question 12

bronchi

Answer 12

like branches of trees; 2 bronchi divide into a network of smaller and smaller bronchi. clean the air, warm it to body temperature, and saturate it with water vapor before it reaches the delicate gas-exchange surfaces of the lungs

Question 13

bronchioles

Answer 13

smaller airways that lack cartilege

Question 14

pleural membranes

Answer 14

separated by a small space called the pleural cavity, that contains a very small amount of watery fluid

Question 15

alveoli

Answer 15

gas exchange takes place

Question 16

diaphragm

Answer 16

main muscle of respiration. broad sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity fro the abdominal cavity.

Question 17

tidal volume

Answer 17

taking breaths of about 500 ml

Question 18

vital capacity

Answer 18

maximal volume that you can exhale after a maximal inhalation

Question 19

partial pressure

Answer 19

represented by P and like atmospheric pressure, it is measured in mm Hg

Question 20

oxyhemoglobin

Answer 20

each hemoglobin molecule can bind 4 oxygen molecules at a time forms oxyhemoglobin. dependent on the partial pressures of O2 in plasma

Question 21

carbaminohemoglobin

Answer 21

Hb+ CO2 = hbCO2.

Question 22

respiratory center

Answer 22

groups of nerve cells automatically generate a cyclic pattern of electrical impulses every 4-5 seconds

Question 23

bronchitis

Answer 23

refers to inflammation of the bronchi, resulting in a persistent cough that produces large quantities of phlegmlism

Question 24

pneumonia

Answer 24

lungs become inflamed from an infection, usually cause by a viruses or bacteria

Question 25

tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 25

infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberulosis

Question 26

Botulism

Answer 26

form of poisoning caused by a bacterium, clostridium botulinum, occasionally found in improperly cooked or preserved foods

Question 27

congestive heart failure

Answer 27

cardiovascular condition in which the heart gradually becomes less efficient

Question 28

asthma

Answer 28

spasmodic contraction of bronchi

Question 29

emphysema

Answer 29

chronic disorder involving damage to the aveoli