chapte 16

Question 1

reproductive systems

Answer 1

the male and female reproductive systems consist of the tissues and organs that participate n creating a new human being

Question 2

sperm

Answer 2

male reproductive system evolved to deliver the male reproductive cells

Question 3

testes

Answer 3

sites of sperm production In the male are the paired testes.

Question 4

scrotum

Answer 4

an outpunching of skin and smooth muscle. regulates the tempt of the developing sperm with the testes, for sperm develop best at temp a few degrees cooler than body temp

Question 5

seminiferous tubules

Answer 5

sperm are produced

Question 6

epidiymis

Answer 6

a single coiled duct just outside the testis

Question 7

ductus (vas) deferens

Answer 7

epididymis joins this, which eventually joins the duct from the seminal vesicle to become the ejaculatory duct

Question 8

penis

Answer 8

male organ of sexual intercourse. deliver sperm internally to the female, safely away from the harsh external environment

Question 9

erection

Answer 9

increase in length, diameter, and stiffness of the penis that facilitates its entry into the vagina

Question 10

semen

Answer 10

improve their chances of survival, the male delivers sperm in a thick, whitish mixture of fluids called semen. contains secretions from the seminal vesicle, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral gland

Question 11

seminal vesicles

Answer 11

produce seminal fluid, a watery mixture containing fructose and prostaglandins that represent about 60% of the volume of semen

Question 12

prostate gland

Answer 12

secretions temporarily raise the vaginal pH to about 6, optimal for sperm

Question 13

bulbourethral glands

Answer 13

secrete mucus into the urethra during sexual arousal

Question 14

gametes

Answer 14

are called haploid cells because they contain only 23 chromosomes

Question 15

sertoli cells

Answer 15

make up most of the bulk of the seminiferous tubules

Question 16

testosterone

Answer 16

a steroid hormone produced by interstitial cells located between the seminiferous tubules within the testes

Question 17

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer 17

from the hypothalamus

Question 18

ovaries

Answer 18

primary female reproductive organs are the 2 ovaries, which release the female gametes, immature eggs called oocytes, at regular intervals during the reproductive years

Question 19

oviduct

Answer 19

leads from the ovary to the uterus.

Question 20

uterus

Answer 20

hollow pear-shaped organ where the fertilized egg grows and develops. walls of the uterus comprise 2 layers of tissues

Question 21

endometrium

Answer 21

inner layer of the uterus. lining of epithelial tissue, glands, connective tissue, and blood vessels

Question 22

myometrium

Answer 22

outer layer of the uterus. consists of thick layers of smooth muscle. stretches during pregnancy to accommodate the growing fetus

Question 23

cervix

Answer 23

lower part of the uterus. opening in the cervix permits sperm to enter the uterus and allows the fetus to exit during birth

Question 24

vagina

Answer 24

a hollow muscular organ of sexual intercourse and also the birth canal. glands produce lubricating secretions during sexual arousal

Question 25

vulva

Answer 25

the vagina is continuous at the body surface with the female external genitalia, collectively

Question 26

labia majora

Answer 26

outer, larger pair of fat-padded skin folds

Question 27

labia minora

Answer 27

highly vascular but smaller pair of folds

Question 28

clitoris

Answer 28

small organ partly enclosed by the labia minora, is important in the female sexual response

Question 29

mammary glands

Answer 29

modified sweat glands that technically are part of the skin, or integumentary system

Question 30

lactation

Answer 30

production of milk, late in pregnancy. estrogen and progesterone prepare theses glands for this

Question 31

menstrual cycle

Answer 31

every month, the ovaries and uterus go through a pattern of changes. lasts about 28 days and is controlled by hormones. begins at puberty and generally continue throughout the reproductive years, except during pregnancy

Question 32

ovarian cycle

Answer 32

regular pattern of growth, maturation, and release of oocytes from the ovary.

Question 33

follicle

Answer 33

primary oocyte and its granulosa cells constitute an immature follicle

Question 34

corpus luteum

Answer 34

forms from what is left of the ruptured follicle. secretes large amounts of progesterone and estrogen.

Question 35

uterine cycle

Answer 35

series of structural and functional changes that occur in the endometrium of the uterus as it prepares eac month for the possibility that a fertilized egg may arrive

Question 36

menstruation

Answer 36

process by which the endometrial lining disintegrates and its small blood vessels rupture

Question 37

sexual response for men and women in 4 phases

Answer 37

1. excitement
2. plateau
3. orgasm
4. resolution

Question 38

orgasm

Answer 38

is a brief, intensely pleasurable reflex event that accomplishes ejaculation or expulsion of semen