chapte 16 Flashcards

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1
Q

reproductive systems

A

the male and female reproductive systems consist of the tissues and organs that participate n creating a new human being

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2
Q

sperm

A

male reproductive system evolved to deliver the male reproductive cells

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3
Q

testes

A

sites of sperm production In the male are the paired testes.

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4
Q

scrotum

A

an outpunching of skin and smooth muscle. regulates the tempt of the developing sperm with the testes, for sperm develop best at temp a few degrees cooler than body temp

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5
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

sperm are produced

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6
Q

epidiymis

A

a single coiled duct just outside the testis

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7
Q

ductus (vas) deferens

A

epididymis joins this, which eventually joins the duct from the seminal vesicle to become the ejaculatory duct

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8
Q

penis

A

male organ of sexual intercourse. deliver sperm internally to the female, safely away from the harsh external environment

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9
Q

erection

A

increase in length, diameter, and stiffness of the penis that facilitates its entry into the vagina

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10
Q

semen

A

improve their chances of survival, the male delivers sperm in a thick, whitish mixture of fluids called semen. contains secretions from the seminal vesicle, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral gland

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11
Q

seminal vesicles

A

produce seminal fluid, a watery mixture containing fructose and prostaglandins that represent about 60% of the volume of semen

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12
Q

prostate gland

A

secretions temporarily raise the vaginal pH to about 6, optimal for sperm

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13
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

secrete mucus into the urethra during sexual arousal

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14
Q

gametes

A

are called haploid cells because they contain only 23 chromosomes

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15
Q

sertoli cells

A

make up most of the bulk of the seminiferous tubules

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16
Q

testosterone

A

a steroid hormone produced by interstitial cells located between the seminiferous tubules within the testes

17
Q

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

from the hypothalamus

18
Q

ovaries

A

primary female reproductive organs are the 2 ovaries, which release the female gametes, immature eggs called oocytes, at regular intervals during the reproductive years

19
Q

oviduct

A

leads from the ovary to the uterus.

20
Q

uterus

A

hollow pear-shaped organ where the fertilized egg grows and develops. walls of the uterus comprise 2 layers of tissues

21
Q

endometrium

A

inner layer of the uterus. lining of epithelial tissue, glands, connective tissue, and blood vessels

22
Q

myometrium

A

outer layer of the uterus. consists of thick layers of smooth muscle. stretches during pregnancy to accommodate the growing fetus

23
Q

cervix

A

lower part of the uterus. opening in the cervix permits sperm to enter the uterus and allows the fetus to exit during birth

24
Q

vagina

A

a hollow muscular organ of sexual intercourse and also the birth canal. glands produce lubricating secretions during sexual arousal

25
Q

vulva

A

the vagina is continuous at the body surface with the female external genitalia, collectively

26
Q

labia majora

A

outer, larger pair of fat-padded skin folds

27
Q

labia minora

A

highly vascular but smaller pair of folds

28
Q

clitoris

A

small organ partly enclosed by the labia minora, is important in the female sexual response

29
Q

mammary glands

A

modified sweat glands that technically are part of the skin, or integumentary system

30
Q

lactation

A

production of milk, late in pregnancy. estrogen and progesterone prepare theses glands for this

31
Q

menstrual cycle

A

every month, the ovaries and uterus go through a pattern of changes. lasts about 28 days and is controlled by hormones. begins at puberty and generally continue throughout the reproductive years, except during pregnancy

32
Q

ovarian cycle

A

regular pattern of growth, maturation, and release of oocytes from the ovary.

33
Q

follicle

A

primary oocyte and its granulosa cells constitute an immature follicle

34
Q

corpus luteum

A

forms from what is left of the ruptured follicle. secretes large amounts of progesterone and estrogen.

35
Q

uterine cycle

A

series of structural and functional changes that occur in the endometrium of the uterus as it prepares eac month for the possibility that a fertilized egg may arrive

36
Q

menstruation

A

process by which the endometrial lining disintegrates and its small blood vessels rupture

37
Q

sexual response for men and women in 4 phases

A
  1. excitement
  2. plateau
  3. orgasm
  4. resolution
38
Q

orgasm

A

is a brief, intensely pleasurable reflex event that accomplishes ejaculation or expulsion of semen