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anatomy > Chapter 1: The Human Organism > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Human Organism Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Position

A

base position of human

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2
Q

Supine/prone

A

lying face up/lying face down

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3
Q

superior and inferior - cephalic/caudal

A

above/upper and lower/down - toward head - toward tail

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4
Q

medial

A

down the middle

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5
Q

lateral

A

toward side

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6
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side

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7
Q

contra lateral

A

opposite side of

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8
Q

proximal

A

closer to the point of attachment

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9
Q

distal

A

further from point of attachment

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10
Q

superficial

A

close to the surface

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11
Q

deep (peripheral)

A

deep - farther from the surface

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12
Q

anterior

A

front - used as a direction

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13
Q

posterior

A

back - mostly used if describing a section

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14
Q

ventral

A

front - used as a location

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15
Q

dorsal

A

back - used as a location

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16
Q

frontal

A

forehead

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17
Q

oral

A

mouth

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18
Q

mental

A

chin

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19
Q

occipital

A

back brain

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20
Q

thoracic

A

rib cage/chest

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21
Q

orbital

A

eyes

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22
Q

otic

A

ears

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23
Q

cranial

A

brain

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24
Q

nuchal

A

back neck

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25
Q

pectoral

A

chest (subset of thoracic)

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26
Q

nasal

A

nose

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27
Q

buccal

A

cheek

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28
Q

cephalic

A

whole head

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29
Q

cervical

A

neck

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30
Q

sternal

A

middle chest (subset of pectoral)

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31
Q

clavicular

A

collar bone

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32
Q

dorsal

A

back

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33
Q

lumbar

A

lower back

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34
Q

umbilical

A

belly button

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35
Q

inguinal

A

leg attached to body (groin)

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36
Q

gluteal

A

butt

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37
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

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38
Q

digital

A

fingers

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39
Q

femoral

A

upper leg or femur

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40
Q

talus

A

ankle

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41
Q

sural

A

calf

42
Q

axillery

A

armpit

43
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blade

44
Q

sacral

A

bony part lower back - between hip bones

45
Q

costal

A

where ribs are

46
Q

pubic

A

reproductive area

47
Q

brachial

A

upper arm

48
Q

carpal

A

wrist

49
Q

manual

A

whole hand

50
Q

patellar

A

front of knee

51
Q

pedal

A

whole foot

52
Q

plantar

A

bottom of foot

53
Q

acromial

A

top shoulder (bony point)

54
Q

vertebral

A

spine

55
Q

abdominal

A

stomach

56
Q

pelvic

A

around hip bones

57
Q

coxal

A

bones on either side (hip bones)

58
Q

antecubital

A

put of elbow

59
Q

palmar

A

palm

60
Q

olecranon (cubital)

A

elbow

61
Q

crural

A

lower leg knee to ankle

62
Q

popliteal

A

knee pit

63
Q

calcaneal

A

heel

64
Q

median/sagittal

A

through the middle (left or right side)

65
Q

frontal/coronal

A

front and back

66
Q

transverse/cross

A

top and bottom

67
Q

oblique

A

other than

68
Q

longitudinal

A

a long length of organ

69
Q

diaphragm

A

divides body cavity into thoracic and abdominopelviccavity

70
Q

mediastinum

A

contains all structures of the thoracic cavity except the lungs

71
Q

thoracic cavity

A

chest cavity

72
Q

abdominal cavity

A

above hips - digestive stuff

73
Q

pelvic cavity

A

below hips - reproductive organs

74
Q

anatomy

A

structure/form

75
Q

physiology

A

function

76
Q

gross

A

a dozen dozen (144)
visible part(s)

77
Q

cytology

A

cellular anatomy

78
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

79
Q

tissues

A

muscle
nerve
epithelial (skin)
connective

80
Q

cell physiology

A

examines processes in cells

81
Q

neurophysiology

A

focuses on the nervous system

82
Q

pathology

A

study of disease - things aren’t working

83
Q

exercise physiology

A

changes in structure and function caused by exercise

84
Q

levels of organization

A
  • chemical - interaction of atoms - vitamins, minerals, hormones
  • cell - a bunch of cells working together - tissue
  • tissue - similar cells working together
  • organ - lots of tissues working together
  • organ system - a bunch of organs working together
  • organism - a bunch of organ systems working together
85
Q

integumentary

A

skin, protection

86
Q

skeletal

A

bones, lever system

87
Q

muscular

A

muscles, move you

88
Q

lymphatic

A

immune system, lymphnodes

89
Q

respiratory

A

lungs, get oxygen

90
Q

digestive

A

stomach, getting material (food)

91
Q

nervous

A

brain, control all

92
Q

endocrine

A

hormones, control same

93
Q

cardiovascular

A

heart, transportation system

94
Q

urinary

A

kidneys, gets rid of waste (clean)

95
Q

reproductive

A

genitals, contribute human race

96
Q

homeostasis (body temp)

A

set point - 98.6
normal range - where our body is at normal function

97
Q

receptor

A

neurons

98
Q

control center

A

brain’s spinal cord

99
Q

effector

A

what our body does to fix

100
Q

negative feedback

A

the effector directly opposes the problem
- too cold, creates heat
- blood sugar goes up, takes it back down

101
Q

positive feedback

A
  • an extra step in effector
  • bleed, blood sticky, stops bleeding
102
Q

vital signs - signs of life

A
  1. heart beat (60-100)
  2. blood pressure 140/90 - too high
  3. breathing rate 12-20
  4. reflexes - a nerve system is working
  5. temperature- 97.8 - 99.1

anatomy (11 decks)

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