Chapter 1 Psychology

Question 1

Mind

Answer 1

Private inner experience of perceptions, thoughts, memories, feelings

Question 2

Behaviour

Answer 2

Observable actions

Question 3

Structuralism

Answer 3

Break mind into basic components

Question 4

Functionalism

Answer 4

How mental abilities allow people to adapt to environments

Question 5

Plato

Answer 5

Favoured nativism, certain knowledge is inborn

Question 6

Aristotle

Answer 6

Favoured philosophical empiricism, knowledge is acquired through experience

Question 7

Rene Descartes

Answer 7

Mind and body are different things

Question 8

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 8

Mind and body are not different at all

Question 9

Franz Joseph Gall

Answer 9

Phrenology

Question 10

Jean Marie Piere Flourens

Answer 10

Removed parts of the brain of animals

Question 11

Paul Broca

Answer 11

Damage to a part of the brain impaired a specific mental function

Question 12

Hermann von Hemholtz

Answer 12

Stimulus and recorded reaction time

Question 13

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 13

Analyzing consciousness through introspection as well as reaction time techniques

Question 14

Edward Titchener

Answer 14

An Outline of Psychology

Question 15

William James

Answer 15

Trying to isolate particular moments of consciousness distorted its nature

Question 16

Charles Darwin

Answer 16

Natural selection

Question 17

Charcot & Janet

Answer 17

Hysteria, temporary loss of cognitive and motor functions from emotionally upsetting experiences

Question 18

Sigmund Freud

Answer 18

Psychoanalytic theory, emphasizes the importance of the unconscious mind in shaping feelings, thoughts and behaviours

Question 19

Maslow & Rogers

Answer 19

Humanistic psychology, understadnign human nature that emphasizes positive potential

Question 20

Behaviourism

Answer 20

Restrict to observable behaviour

Question 21

John B. Watson

Answer 21

Goal of psychology is to predict and control behaviours in ways that benefit society; Little Albert case

Question 22

Margaret Washburn

Answer 22

Conscious mental experiences of animals

Question 23

Burrhus Skinner

Answer 23

Reinforcement

Question 24

Max Wertheimer

Answer 24

Study of illusions, errors of perceptions, memory or judgement in which subjective experience differs from objective reality

Question 25

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 25

Approach that emphasizes that we perceive the whole rather than the sum of parts

Question 26

Frederic Bartlett

Answer 26

Memory

Question 27

Jean Piaget

Answer 27

Perceptual and cognitive errors in children

Question 28

Kurt Lewin

Answer 28

Person’s behaviour could be predicted by understanding person’s subjective experience of the world

Question 29

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 29

Study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory and reasoning

Question 30

Donald Broadbent

Answer 30

Pay attention to several things at once

Question 31

Noam Chomsky

Answer 31

Language relies on mental rules

Question 32

Ulric Neisser

Answer 32

Book on cognitive psychology

Question 33

Karl Lashley

Answer 33

Precise spot where learning occurred

Question 34

Behavioural Neuroscience

Answer 34

Approach that links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system

Question 35

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 35

Understand the links between cognitive processes and the brain

Question 36

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 36

Mind and behaviour in terms of adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection

Question 37

Social Psychology

Answer 37

Causes and consequences of sociality

Question 38

Gordon Allport

Answer 38

Stereotyping, prejudice and racism

Question 39

Cultural Psychology

Answer 39

How cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of members