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Introduction to Psychology > Ch.11 Development > Flashcards

Ch.11 Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

Study of continuity and change across the life span

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2
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg that contains chromosomes from both an egg and sperm

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3
Q

Germinal Stage

A

Two week period that begins at conception in which zygote migrates back down the fallopian tube and implants itself in the wall of the uterus

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4
Q

Embryonic Stage

A

Period that lasts from the 2nd week until the 8th week in which cells begin to differentiate

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5
Q

Fetal Stage

A

Period that lasts from the 9th week until birth in which the fetus has a skeleton and muscles that allow movement

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6
Q

Myelination

A

Formation of fatty sheath around neuron axons

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7
Q

Placenta

A

Organ that physically bloodstreams of the mother and the embryo or fetus and permits exchange of certain chemicals

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8
Q

Teratogens

A

Agents that impair development like environmental poisons

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9
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A

Developmental disorder that stems from heavy alcohol by the mother during pregnancy

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10
Q

Infancy

A

Stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 months

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11
Q

Motor Development

A

Emergence of ability to execute physical actions such as reaching, rasping, crawling and walking

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12
Q

Cephalocaudal Rule

A

Tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the head to the feet

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13
Q

Proximodistal Rule

A

Tendency for motor stills to emerge in sequence from the center to the periphery

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14
Q

Cognitive Development

A

Emergence of ability to think and understand

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15
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

Period of development that begins at birth through infancy in which infants busy themselves with ability to sense

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16
Q

Schema

A

Theories about the way the world works

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17
Q

Assimilation

A

Infants apply schemas in novel situations

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18
Q

Accommodation

A

Infants revise their schemas in light of new information

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19
Q

Object Permanence

A

Belief that objects exist even when they are not visible

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20
Q

Childhood

A

Period at 18-24 months to 11-14 years

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21
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

Stage that begins about 2 years to 6 years, during which children develop preliminary understanding of the world

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22
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

6-11 years, children learn how actions or operations can transform the concrete objects of the physical world

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23
Q

Conservation

A

Quantitative properties of an object are invariant despite changes in the object’s appearance

24
Q

Centration

A

Tendency to focus on just one property of an object

25
Q

Mental Representations

A

Mind versus real world

26
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

Final stage of cognitive development during which children learn to reason about abstract concepts

27
Q

Egocentrism

A

Failure to understand that the world appears differently to different people

28
Q

Theory of Mind

A

Understanding that other people’s mental representations guide their behavior

29
Q

Strange Situation

A

Behavioral test used to determine child’s attachment style

30
Q

Temperaments

A

Characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity

31
Q

Internal Working Model of Relationships

A

A set of beliefs about the self and primary caregiver

32
Q

Preconventional Stage

A

Morality of action is primarily determined by consequences

33
Q

Conventional Stage

A

Morality of action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules

34
Q

Postconventional Stage

A

Morality is determined by a set of general principles that reflect core values

35
Q

Adolescence

A

Onset of sexual maturity to beginning of adulthood

36
Q

Puberty

A

Bodily changes associated with sexual maturity

37
Q

Secondary Sex Characteristics

A

Enlargement of breasts, widening of hips, appearance of hair, etc

38
Q

Adulthood

A

Ends with death

39
Q

[Lecture] Preformationism

A

Entire child rolled up in sperm cell

40
Q

[Lecture] Precocial

A

Animals ready to survive on their own upon birth

41
Q

[Lecture] Altricial

A

Animals with a long period of immaturity and inability to survive on their own

42
Q

[Lecture] Developmental Psychology

A

How changes happen

43
Q

[Lecture] Jean Piaget

A

Grandfather of Developmental Psychology

44
Q

[Lecture] Constructivism

A

View that children are not passive internalizers of knowledge

45
Q

[Lecture] Assimilation

A

Process by which children translate information into a form they understand

46
Q

[Lecture] Accommodation

A

Process by which children revise current knowledge structures

47
Q

[Lecture] Equilibration

A

Process by which children balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding

48
Q

[Lecture] Stadial Theory

A

Development occurs in distinct stages

49
Q

[Lecture] Sensorimotor Stage Failures

A

Object Permanence

50
Q

[Lecture] Preoperational Stage Failures

A

Conservation
Transitivity
Egocentricity
Appearance VS Reality

51
Q

[Lecture] Transfer

A

Near and far transfer

52
Q

[Lecture] Habituation

A

One way of testing what infants know

53
Q

[Lecture] Décalage

A

Discontinuity / gap

54
Q

[Lecture] False Consensus Effect

A

Whatever you choose seems to be what others will do

55
Q

[Lecture] Perseveration

A

Doing things based on your rhythm

Introduction to Psychology (13 decks)

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