Chapter 1 Psychology 175.102

Question 0

The extent to which different parts of the brain control different aspects of functioning

Answer 0

Localisation of function

Question 1

The scientific investigation of mental processes and behaviour

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

Investigates the physical basis of psychological phenomena such as memory, emotion and stress

Answer 2

Bio-psychology

Question 3

Observation the individual in the natural setting and considers the individual as part of a culture Mead and Benedict

Answer 3

Psychological anthropologist

Question 4

Compeers the individual of one culture was that of another

Answer 4

Cross-cultural psychology

Question 5

Free will says we’re free to act as we choose. Determinism says our actions are controlled by outside influences

Answer 5

Free will versus determinism

Question 6

How do mental and physical events interact?

Answer 6

Mind-body problem

Question 7

The process of looking inward and reporting one’s conscious experience. Wundt and Titchener

Answer 7

Introspection

Question 8

The attempt to undercover the basic elements of consciousness through introspection. Titchener

Answer 8

Structuralism

Question 9

The attempt to explain psychological processes in relation to the function they serve. William James

Answer 9

Functionalism

Question 10

Hey broad system of theoretical assumptions that a scientific community uses to make sense of it is domain of study

Answer 10

Paradigm

Question 11

Schools of thought that can be used to understand psychological events

Answer 11

Perspectives

Question 12

Actions reflect the way thoughts, feelings and wishes are associated in minds; many of these are unconscious; mental processes can conflict leading to compromises. Freud

Answer 12

Psychodynamics

Question 13

Focuses on the way objects or events in the environment (stimuli) come to control behaviour. Skinner and Watson

Answer 13

Behaviorist perspective

Question 14

The doctrine of dual spheres of mind and body

Answer 14

Cartesian Dualism

Question 15

The belief that the path to scientific knowledge is systematic observation and experimental observation

Answer 15

Empiricism

Question 16

Emphasises the uniqueness of the individual and focuses on the person’s immediate experience. Maslow and Rogers

Answer 16

Humanistic perspective

Question 17

To treat people with respect and warmth, stressing every individual freedom to make their own choices

Answer 17

Empathy

Question 18

The person we truly want to become

Answer 18

Ideal self

Question 19

The idea that people are motivated to reach their full potential

Answer 19

Self actualisation

Question 20

Focuses on the person and their immediate experience

Answer 20

Person centred

Question 21

How we perceive ourselves now

Answer 21

Self-concept

Question 22

Focuses on the way people perceive, process and retrieve information. Descartes

Answer 22

Cognitive perspective

Question 23

Thinking; the environment provides inputs, which are transformed, stored and retrieve using various mental programs, leading to specific response outcomes.

Answer 23

Information processing

Question 24

Emphasised the role of reason in creating knowledge

Answer 24

Rationalist philosophers

Question 25

Argues that many behavioural tendencies in humans evolved because they helped our ancestors survive and rear healthy offspring. Darwin

Answer 25

Evolutionary perspective

Question 26

Nature: that behaviour reflects shared tendencies rooted in biology. Nature: that behaviour is primarily learned.

Answer 26

Nature versus nurture

Question 27

Studies animal behaviour from the biological and evolutionary perspective

Answer 27

Ethology

Question 28

Natural forces select traits that are adaptive and likely to be passed on to offspring

Answer 28

Natural selection

Question 29

Characteristics that help organisms to adjust and survive in their environment

Answer 29

Adaptive traits

Question 30

Explores possible evolutionary and biological basis of human social behaviour

Answer 30

Sociobiology

Question 31

Apply evolutionary thinking to a wide range of psychological phenomena. They proposed that genetic transmission is not limited to physical traits

Answer 31

Evolutionary psychologists

Question 32

Refers to the capacity to survive and produce offspring

Answer 32

Reproductive success

Question 33

Refers not only to an individual’s own reproductive success but also to his influence on the reproductive success of genetically related individuals

Answer 33

Inclusive fitness

Question 34

Perception is an active experience of imposing order on an overwhelming panorama of details by seeing them as parts of large wholes or gestalts

Answer 34

Gestalt psychology