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175.102 Psychology as a Natural Science > Chapter 1 Psychology 175.102 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Psychology 175.102 Flashcards

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0
Q

The extent to which different parts of the brain control different aspects of functioning

A

Localisation of function

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1
Q

The scientific investigation of mental processes and behaviour

A

Psychology

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2
Q

Investigates the physical basis of psychological phenomena such as memory, emotion and stress

A

Bio-psychology

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3
Q

Observation the individual in the natural setting and considers the individual as part of a culture Mead and Benedict

A

Psychological anthropologist

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4
Q

Compeers the individual of one culture was that of another

A

Cross-cultural psychology

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5
Q

Free will says we’re free to act as we choose. Determinism says our actions are controlled by outside influences

A

Free will versus determinism

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6
Q

How do mental and physical events interact?

A

Mind-body problem

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7
Q

The process of looking inward and reporting one’s conscious experience. Wundt and Titchener

A

Introspection

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8
Q

The attempt to undercover the basic elements of consciousness through introspection. Titchener

A

Structuralism

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9
Q

The attempt to explain psychological processes in relation to the function they serve. William James

A

Functionalism

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10
Q

Hey broad system of theoretical assumptions that a scientific community uses to make sense of it is domain of study

A

Paradigm

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11
Q

Schools of thought that can be used to understand psychological events

A

Perspectives

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12
Q

Actions reflect the way thoughts, feelings and wishes are associated in minds; many of these are unconscious; mental processes can conflict leading to compromises. Freud

A

Psychodynamics

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13
Q

Focuses on the way objects or events in the environment (stimuli) come to control behaviour. Skinner and Watson

A

Behaviorist perspective

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14
Q

The doctrine of dual spheres of mind and body

A

Cartesian Dualism

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15
Q

The belief that the path to scientific knowledge is systematic observation and experimental observation

A

Empiricism

16
Q

Emphasises the uniqueness of the individual and focuses on the person’s immediate experience. Maslow and Rogers

A

Humanistic perspective

17
Q

To treat people with respect and warmth, stressing every individual freedom to make their own choices

A

Empathy

18
Q

The person we truly want to become

A

Ideal self

19
Q

The idea that people are motivated to reach their full potential

A

Self actualisation

20
Q

Focuses on the person and their immediate experience

A

Person centred

21
Q

How we perceive ourselves now

A

Self-concept

22
Q

Focuses on the way people perceive, process and retrieve information. Descartes

A

Cognitive perspective

23
Q

Thinking; the environment provides inputs, which are transformed, stored and retrieve using various mental programs, leading to specific response outcomes.

A

Information processing

24
Q

Emphasised the role of reason in creating knowledge

A

Rationalist philosophers

25
Q

Argues that many behavioural tendencies in humans evolved because they helped our ancestors survive and rear healthy offspring. Darwin

A

Evolutionary perspective

26
Q

Nature: that behaviour reflects shared tendencies rooted in biology. Nature: that behaviour is primarily learned.

A

Nature versus nurture

27
Q

Studies animal behaviour from the biological and evolutionary perspective

A

Ethology

28
Q

Natural forces select traits that are adaptive and likely to be passed on to offspring

A

Natural selection

29
Q

Characteristics that help organisms to adjust and survive in their environment

A

Adaptive traits

30
Q

Explores possible evolutionary and biological basis of human social behaviour

A

Sociobiology

31
Q

Apply evolutionary thinking to a wide range of psychological phenomena. They proposed that genetic transmission is not limited to physical traits

A

Evolutionary psychologists

32
Q

Refers to the capacity to survive and produce offspring

A

Reproductive success

33
Q

Refers not only to an individual’s own reproductive success but also to his influence on the reproductive success of genetically related individuals

A

Inclusive fitness

34
Q

Perception is an active experience of imposing order on an overwhelming panorama of details by seeing them as parts of large wholes or gestalts

A

Gestalt psychology

175.102 Psychology as a Natural Science (12 decks)

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