Chapter 1 Kremkau

Question 1

uses a computer to change sound waves into different colors. These colors show the speed and direction of blood flow in real time

Answer 1

color doppler display

Question 2

an increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move toward (or away from) each other. The effect causes the sudden change in pitch noticeable.

Answer 2

doppler effect

Question 3

a two-dimensional image in which the organs and tissues of interest are depicted as points of variable brightness

Answer 3

gray-scale image

Question 4

high-frequency sound waves to view inside the body. Reproduction, representation, or imitation of the physical form of a person or object.

Answer 4

image

Question 5

(linear scan); referring to the linear array transducer that is used to produce it

Answer 5

linear image

Question 6

positional information is determined by knowledge of the direction of the pulse when it enters the patient and by measurement of the time it takes for each echo to return to the transducer. The proper location to present the echo can then be determined from a starting point on the display (usually at the top). With knowledge of the sound, the instrument uses the echo arrival time to determine the depth of the structure that produced that echo.

Answer 6

Operating Principle 1

Question 7

sends several pulses of ultrasound through the cross-section of anatomy to be imaged but does not produce a one-for-one correspondence of pulse and displayed scan line, instead, all the echo information from throughout the anatomic cross-section is collected, and then massive computation processes determine the location and strength of each echo produced at each location in the anatomy.

Answer 7

operating principle 2

Question 8

pulses of ultrasound generated by a transducer are sent into the patient where they produce echoes at organ boundaries and within biological tissues. These echoes return to the transducer, where they are detected and presented on the display of a sonographic instrument.

Answer 8

pulse-echo technique

Question 9

one line of echo information, specifically an echo line, data line, or ____ line.

Answer 9

scan line

Question 10

sector scan, has a shape similar to a slice of pie

Answer 10

sector image

Question 11

the use of ultrasound in medical anatomic and flow imaging

Answer 11

sonography

Question 12

quantatative analysis. includes anatomic imaging to determine the location(s) from which the spectral information is acquired

Answer 12

spectral-doppler display

Question 13

(also called a probe), an instrument (also called a system)

Answer 13

transducer

Question 14

sound or other vibrations having an ultrasonic frequency. Uses sound waves to create an image

Answer 14

ultrasound

Question 15

requires scanning the ultrasound through many adjacent 2D tissue cross-sections to form a 3D volume of echo information

Answer 15

Volume Imaging

Question 16

Sonography is accomplished with a ________ technique.

Answer 16

pulse-echo

Question 17

sonographic images are composed of many ______.

Answer 17

scan lines

Question 18

The ________ is a change in frequency caused by moving objects.

Answer 18

Doppler effect

Question 19

Doppler information is presented in _______, __________, and _________ forms.

Answer 19

audible
color-Doppler
spectral-Doppler

Question 20

Doppler ultrasound uses

Answer 20

detection
quantatization
evaluation of tissue motion
blood flow by using the Doppler effect

Question 21

the visible counterpart of an invisible object, produced in an electronic instrument by interaction with the object

Answer 21

ultrasound image

Question 22

The echoes from one pulse appears as ______.

Answer 22

one scan line

Question 23

rectangular display

Answer 23

linear image

Question 24

shape similar to a slice of pie

Answer 24

sector image

Question 25

A 2d sonographic scan format is commonly limited to three types:

Answer 25

linear
sector
combination

Question 26

The diagnostic ultrasound imaging (sonography) method has two parts:
Send ______ of ______ into the body, and using ______ received from the anatomy to produce a(n) ______ of that anatomy.

Answer 26

pulses
ultrasound
echoes
image

Question 27

Ultrasound gray-scale scans are _______-________ images of tissues cross-sections and volumes

Answer 27

pulse-echo

Question 28

The brightness of an echo, as presented on the display, represents the ______ of the echo.

Answer 28

strength

Question 29

A linear scan is composed of many _______, ________ scan lines.

Answer 29

vertical, parallel

Question 30

A sector scan is composed of many scan lines with a common ______.

Answer 30

origin

Question 31

A sector scan can have a(n) _______ or a _______ at the top.

Answer 31

pointed
curved

Question 32

Transducers generate ultrasound _______ and receive returning ______.

Answer 32

pulses
echoes

Question 33

Echo information in 3D is presented on _____ displays.

Answer 33

2D

Question 34

The Doppler effect is a change in echo _____.

Answer 34

frequency

Question 35

The motion that produces the Doppler effect is that of the _______.

Answer 35

reflector

Question 36

Color-Doppler displays can present Doppler - _______ and Doppler - ________ information in color.

Answer 36

shift
power

Question 37

Diagnostic ultrasound transducers generate a _____ of sound into the body.

Answer 37

pulse

Question 38

The location of each dot corresponds to the ______ of the echo to return.

Answer 38

time

Question 39

The method by which each pulse originate from the same starting point is called a ______ image.

Answer 39

sector

Question 40

Echoes produced by ______ objects have different _______ than pulses sent into the body.

Answer 40

moving
frequencies