Chapter 1 - Introduction

Question 0

view that knowledge originates through experience

Answer 0

empiricism

Question 1

scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Answer 1

psychology

Question 2

process for conducting objective inquiry through data collection and analysis

Answer 2

scientific method

Question 3

6 parts of scientific method

Answer 3

identify a probelm, conduct background research, formulate a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze results, report results

Question 4

way of processing info by examining assumptins, evaluating evidence, looking for hidden agendas, and assessing conclusions

Answer 4

crotical thinking

Question 5

belief that the mind does not cease to exist when the body dies, and that thoughts and ideas can exist separately from the body

Answer 5

dualism

Question 6

school of psychology concerned with the individual elements of consciousness and showing how they can be combined and integrated; Edward Tichener

Answer 6

structuralism

Question 7

John Locke says mind is a blank slate, containing no innate knowledge

Answer 7

tabula rasa

Question 8

structuralist approach

Answer 8

engages people in introspection, to report various elements of their experiences while petting a sog, thinking about a color

Question 9

school of psychology focused on how organisms use their learning and perceptual abilities to function in their environment; William James

Answer 9

functionalism

Question 10

elements seen in educational and organizational psychology; consciousness can’t be broken down and separated; influenced by Darwin

Answer 10

functionalism

Question 11

school of psychology centered on the belief that people naturally seek out patterns, or wholes, in the sensory information available to them; opposes structuralism; Max Wertheimer

Answer 11

Gestalk psychology

Question 12

approach to psychology based on the belief that people have free will and are able to control their own destinies

Answer 12

humanistic approach

Question 13

approach to psychology based on the belief that behaviors are motivated by internal factors, unavailable to the conscious mind

Answer 13

psychodynamic approach

Question 14

approach to psychology that explores the ways in which patterns of human behavior may be beneficial to people’s survival

Answer 14

evolutionary approach

Question 15

approach to psychology that concertrated on observable behavior that can be directly measured and recorded

Answer 15

behavioral approach

Question 16

various ways that psychologists can look at a psychological issue, such as from the level of the brain, the level of the person, and the level of the world

Answer 16

levels of analysis

Question 17

describes inherited characteristics that influence personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions

Answer 17

nature

Question 18

describes environmental factors that influence you

Answer 18

nurture

Question 19

theory that organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics to succedding generations

Answer 19

natural selection

Question 20

field that deals sith the diagnosis and treatment of peole with specific mental or behavioral problems

Answer 20

clinical psychology

Question 21

divide time between supervising and teaching students, administrative tasks, and psychological research

Answer 21

academic psychologists

Question 22

use of psychological theory and practice to tackle real world problems

Answer 22

applied psychology

Question 23

difference bw psychologist and psychiatrist

Answer 23

psychiatrist is a medical doctor, most clinical psychologists cannot prescribe drugs

Question 24

concepts from prescientific psychology

Answer 24

dualism, Locke says mind is a tabula rasa waiting to be filled, Descartes says pineal gland is seat of the soul and some ideas are innate

Question 25

who founded modern psychology, what two schools of thought emerged

Answer 25

William Wundt (1879) says the mind can be studied scientifically and objectively

structuralism and functionalism

Question 26

Did Darwin’s theories support Locke’s or Descartes’ views?

Answer 26

Descartes, because features are passed on to children so there is indeed some innate knowledge

Question 27

field of psychology focused on the workings of the human brain and seeking to understand how people process the information that they collect from their environement

Answer 27

cognitive psychology