Chapter 1 - Introduction Flashcards
view that knowledge originates through experience
empiricism
scientific study of behavior and mental processes
psychology
process for conducting objective inquiry through data collection and analysis
scientific method
6 parts of scientific method
identify a probelm, conduct background research, formulate a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze results, report results
way of processing info by examining assumptins, evaluating evidence, looking for hidden agendas, and assessing conclusions
crotical thinking
belief that the mind does not cease to exist when the body dies, and that thoughts and ideas can exist separately from the body
dualism
school of psychology concerned with the individual elements of consciousness and showing how they can be combined and integrated; Edward Tichener
structuralism
John Locke says mind is a blank slate, containing no innate knowledge
tabula rasa
structuralist approach
engages people in introspection, to report various elements of their experiences while petting a sog, thinking about a color
school of psychology focused on how organisms use their learning and perceptual abilities to function in their environment; William James
functionalism
elements seen in educational and organizational psychology; consciousness can’t be broken down and separated; influenced by Darwin
functionalism
school of psychology centered on the belief that people naturally seek out patterns, or wholes, in the sensory information available to them; opposes structuralism; Max Wertheimer
Gestalk psychology
approach to psychology based on the belief that people have free will and are able to control their own destinies
humanistic approach
approach to psychology based on the belief that behaviors are motivated by internal factors, unavailable to the conscious mind
psychodynamic approach
approach to psychology that explores the ways in which patterns of human behavior may be beneficial to people’s survival
evolutionary approach
approach to psychology that concertrated on observable behavior that can be directly measured and recorded
behavioral approach
various ways that psychologists can look at a psychological issue, such as from the level of the brain, the level of the person, and the level of the world
levels of analysis
describes inherited characteristics that influence personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions
nature
describes environmental factors that influence you
nurture
theory that organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics to succedding generations
natural selection
field that deals sith the diagnosis and treatment of peole with specific mental or behavioral problems
clinical psychology
divide time between supervising and teaching students, administrative tasks, and psychological research
academic psychologists
use of psychological theory and practice to tackle real world problems
applied psychology
difference bw psychologist and psychiatrist
psychiatrist is a medical doctor, most clinical psychologists cannot prescribe drugs
concepts from prescientific psychology
dualism, Locke says mind is a tabula rasa waiting to be filled, Descartes says pineal gland is seat of the soul and some ideas are innate
who founded modern psychology, what two schools of thought emerged
William Wundt (1879) says the mind can be studied scientifically and objectively
structuralism and functionalism
Did Darwin’s theories support Locke’s or Descartes’ views?
Descartes, because features are passed on to children so there is indeed some innate knowledge
field of psychology focused on the workings of the human brain and seeking to understand how people process the information that they collect from their environement
cognitive psychology
