Chapter 1: Intro to Cognition

Question 1

cognition

Answer 1

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses

Question 2

what is cognition primarily concerned with

Answer 2

understanding the processes that produce complex behaviours even though separate abilities are studied

Question 3

how is cognitive function regulated

Answer 3

brain activity

Question 4

how many nerve cells are there

Answer 4

100 billion

Question 5

basic research

Answer 5

Goal is to try to understand the world and its phenomena without regard to a specific end-use of this knowledge

Question 6

applied research

Answer 6

Research with the end-goal of developing a solution to a problem

Question 7

human factors is an example of

Answer 7

applied reserach

Question 8

human factors

Answer 8

a field of psychology concerned with applying scientific findings to the design of systems humans interact with

Question 9

why do we have zoom fatigue

Answer 9

1. A lack of information from body language, social cues, and eye contact
2. The audio signal is out of sync on Zoom, so there are higher demands on processing (Powers et al., 2011)
3. The lack of immersion makes it easy to be distracted

Question 10

hypothesis

Answer 10

A certain guess about the link between variables under study

Question 11

phenomenon-based research

Answer 11

an “effect” is discovered, and follow-up research examines the nature of the effect

Question 12

independent variable

Answer 12

what you change

Question 13

dependent variable

Answer 13

outcome

Question 14

control/nuisance variables

Answer 14

factors that influence the IV/DV relationship

Question 15

cognitive psychology

Answer 15

the study of behaviour to understand the mind

Question 16

neuroscience

Answer 16

the study of the brain and linking it to the mind

Question 17

computational modelling

Answer 17

building and modelling the mind-brain connections

Question 18

emotional enhancement effect

Answer 18

Emotional stimuli are more easily attended to, remembered than neutral stimuli

Question 19

focal memory and emotions

Answer 19

Behavioural experiments show focal memory enhancements for negative stimuli in an image (Loftus et al., 1987)

Question 20

amygdala activity and memories

Answer 20

Amygdala activity predicts memory for emotional but not neutral images (Dolcos et al., 2004)

Question 21

computational modelling of emotion

Answer 21

Researches make models to try to build robots that can simulate emotion
If the computations lead to the same effects we see in humans, we have a good understanding of how emotion affects the brain and behaviour

Question 22

challenges associated with AI

Answer 22

differences in expression across cultures and people

Question 23

what is the most complex computing device

Answer 23

the human brain

Question 24

artificial intelligence

Answer 24

a branch of computer science that is concerned with building machines that can perform some of the tasks that humans can do

Question 25

can computers outperform humans?

Answer 25

Computers can outperform humans when it comes to predictable situations (ex. carrying out many calculations in a second), but cannot when it comes to more unpredictable and constantly changing situations (ex. Social interactions), though recent advancements are changing this

Question 26

machine learning

Answer 26

programming machines to learn and change their behaviour to get better at a task

Question 27

naturalistic observation

Answer 27

when researchers observe the behaviour of people or other organisms in their natural habitat without any experimental intervention