Chapter 1 - intro to career development interventions

Question 1

what are 2 positive aspects of a fulfilling career

Answer 1

meaningfulness and self-expression

Question 2

how many people went into unemployment during covid in percentages of the US population?

Answer 2

13.3% which means about 46 million people.

Question 3

what demographic tends to be underemployed

Answer 3

the lower educated or under educated.

Question 4

what percentage of people are under employed

Answer 4

18.8%

Question 5

what kind of counselor normally helps with career counseling

Answer 5

school counselors

Question 6

what does good career counseling foster in students

Answer 6

academic success

Question 7

what does a career counselor do in a nutshell

Answer 7

help people develop and use their skills.

Question 8

is the relationship important for career counseling

Answer 8

yes, of course.

Question 9

is acculturation positively or negatively linked to job satisfaction

Answer 9

positively

Question 10

are employees staying with the same employer longer or less

Answer 10

less

Question 11

what has the access of technology done regarding global economics

Answer 11

it has provided access to previously dependent countries to now be interdependent with the rest of the world causing for global economies.

Question 12

what has globalization of economices (aka 4th industrial revolution) caused for consumers

Answer 12

lowered prices so that they can compete in global markets.

Question 13

due to flattening (globalized economy) what does the average worker need to do in order to keep up? x8

Answer 13

they need to be constantly learning 2- be passionate about what they do. 3- have a curiousity to grow. 4- be able to work collaboratively wth others. 5- balance analysis with creative thinking 6- be adaptable. 7- use data effectively 8- use technology well.

Question 14

what is technostress

Answer 14

inability to respond to new changes brought by technology

Question 15

how many more hours do americans work in comparison to the japanese, the british, and the french

Answer 15

Americans work 137 more hours per year than Japanese workers, 260 more hours per year than British workers, and 499 more hours per year than French workers

Question 16

what percent of men, and women work more than 40 hours per week

Answer 16

85.8% and 66.5%

Question 17

from where does the modern protestant work ethic come from

Answer 17

Calvinism which states that profits should be used for additional investments and that due to predeterminism which said that success was a sign that a person was predestined to enter heaven, thus, we should strive for upward mobility and success

Question 18

what is the current work ethic called

Answer 18

career ethic

Question 19

define career ethic

Answer 19

to find your fit and don’t quit.

Question 20

how does work engage us socially

Answer 20

it provides us with social interactions

Question 21

what is the spillover hypothessis

Answer 21

one part of life will effect another part of life.

Question 22

what are the 10 things a career counselor help their clients do

Answer 22

Use both rational and intuitive approaches in career decision-making

            Be clear about the importance attached to each life role and the values one seeks to express through participating in various life roles
          
            Cope effectively with ambiguity, change, and transition
          
            Develop and maintain self-awareness, especially in the areas of interests, values, motivation, and aptitudes
          
            Develop and maintain occupational and career awareness
          
            Develop and keep occupationally relevant skills and knowledge current
          
            Access and participate in lifelong learning opportunities
          
            Search for jobs effectively, even when one is not looking for a job
          
            Provide and receive career mentoring
          
            Develop and maintain skills in multicultural awareness and communication

Question 23

define career

Answer 23

a lifestyle concept over a course of events creating a constellation of choices.

Question 24

define career

Answer 24

a lifestyle concept over a course of events creating a constellation of choices.

Question 25

define career development

Answer 25

lifelong psychological and behavioral processes as well as contextual influences shaping one’s career over the lifespan. As such, career development involves the person’s creation of a career pattern, decision-making style, integration of life roles, values expression, and life-role self-concept

Question 26

define career development interventions

Answer 26

activities that empower people to cope effectively with career development tasks

Question 27

define career counseling

Answer 27

career counselors seek to establish rapport with their clients, assess their clients’ career concerns, establish goals for the career counseling relationship, intervene in ways that help clients cope more effectively with career concerns, evaluate clients’ progress, and, depending on clients’ progress, either offer additional interventions or terminate career counseling.

Question 28

define career education

Answer 28

Career education is the systematic attempt to influence the career development of students and adults through various types of educational strategies

Question 29

define career development programs

Answer 29

Career education is the systematic attempt to influence the career development of students and adults through various types of educational strategies

Question 30

what are the 5 principles of career counseling from PARSON

Answer 30

It is better to choose a vocation than merely to hunt for a job.

            No one should choose a vocation without careful self-analysis, thorough, honest, and under guidance.
          
            The youth should have a large survey of the field of vocations and not simply drop into the convenient or accidental position.
          
            Expert advice, or the advice of men who have made a careful study of men [sic] and vocations and of the conditions of success, must be better and safer for a young man than the absence of it.
          
            Putting it down on paper seems a simple matter, but it is one of supreme importance in study.

Question 31

What are the 3 steps to finding a career according to PARSON

Answer 31

Develop a clear understanding of yourself, aptitudes, abilities, interests, resources, limitations, and other qualities.

            Develop knowledge of the requirements and conditions of success, advantages and disadvantages, compensation, opportunities, and prospects in different lines of work.
          
            Use “true reasoning” on the relations of these two groups of facts.

Question 32

the matching model, then the trait-factor approach, now called the person-environment approach has 5 assumptions, which are?

Answer 32

As a result of one’s self-characteristics, each worker is best fitted for a specific type of work.

            Groups of workers in different occupations have different self-characteristics.
          
            Occupational choice is a single-point-in-time event.
          
            Career development is mostly a cognitive process that relies on rational decision-making.
          
            Occupational adjustment depends on the degree of agreement between worker characteristics and work demands.

Question 33

what is a psychograph

Answer 33

developed by Viteles in 1932, was a graphic representation of a person’s relevant characteristics (e.g., abilities, trainings, specific vocational skills) and numerical ratings of the person’s strengths as they relate to each characteristic (e.g., on a scale of 1–10).

Question 34

what are the 6 steps to the trait and factor approach by WILLIAMSON

Answer 34

Analysis

            Synthesis
          
            Diagnosis
          
            Prognosis
          
            Counseling
          
            Follow-up

Question 35

what are the 4 possible diangosises as seen under the trait and factor approach

Answer 35

the client’s presenting problems can be diagnosed as: (a) no choice, (b) uncertain choice, (c) unwise choice, or (d) a discrepancy between interests and aptitudes

Question 36

what is the core idea of the theory of work adjustment by DAWIS and LOFQUIST (this theory is a person-environment approach)

Answer 36

correspondence between the individual (abilities and needs) and the environment (ability requirements and reinforcer system)
TWA focuses on person and environment interactions and posits “the person and environment attempt to maintain correspondence with each other

Question 37

what are the 4 possible states of satisfaction according to the theory of work adjustment?

Answer 37

the person experiences satisfaction with work and the person’s work performance is satisfactory; the person experiences satisfaction with work but the person’s work performance is unsatisfactory; the person experiences dissatisfaction with work but the person’s work performance is satisfactory; and the person is dissatisfied with work and the person’s performance is unsatisfactory

Question 38

what are the 7 things PARSON did to pave the way for career counseling

Answer 38

He paved the way for vocational guidance in the schools and colleges by advocating their role in it and offering methods they could use.

            He began the training of counselors.
          
            He used all of the scientific tools available to him at the time.
          
            He developed “steps” to be followed in the vocational progress of the individual.
          
            He organized the work of the Vocation Bureau in a way that laid the groundwork for groups to model in schools, colleges, and other agencies.
          
            He recognized the importance of his work and secured for it the appropriate publicity, financial support, and endorsements from influential educators, employers, and other public figures.
          
            He laid the groundwork leading to the continuance and expansion of the vocational guidance movement by involving friends and associates in it and preparing the manuscript for Choosing a Vocation.

Question 39

what did SUPER change with his longitudinal study of career patterns

Answer 39

changed the idea of a career being a single point in someone’s life to being a lifelong dynamic process whereas the process of helping a person to develop and accept an integrated and adequate picture of himself [sic] and of his role in the world of work, to test this concept against reality, and to convert it into reality, with satisfaction to himself and to society

Question 40

what are the 4 things that counseling-based career assitance does to help clients

Answer 40

career counseling involves helping clients resolve difficulties they experience in career decision-making by increasing the client’s (1) concern about work, (2) sense of control over her career, (3) curiosity about opportunities, and (4) confidence to make a choice

Question 41

what are 3 things that multiculturally salient counselors need to be able to do

Answer 41

consider factors such as the impact of the sociopolitical system on people of color in the United States, have knowledge and information about particular cultural groups, and be able to generate a wide range of appropriate verbal/nonverbal responses to client needs.

Question 42

what would happen if we are not multiculturally competent

Answer 42

we could incur cultural encapsulation (inability to learn from or work with other cultures)

Question 43

define advocacy

Answer 43

action taken by counseling professionals to facilitate the removal of external and institutional barriers to clients’ well-being