Chapter 1 Flashcards
Crouzon Syndrome
Craniosynostosis
Beaten metal skull x ray
Underdeveloped maxilla
Mutation in fibroblast
Apert Syndrome
** ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLY **
Craniosynostosis
Syndactly
Downward PALPEBRAL FISSURES
Treacher- Collins Syndrome
** MANDIBULOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS **
Hypoplastic zygoma
Colomba (notched out portion of eye)
Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy
Loss of function and atrophy of one side of the face.
Trauma – Borrelia burgoderfi infection
Hemihyperplasia
Non symmetrical growth of a body part
Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia
Overgrowth of bone and overlying gingiva in maxilla. Missing premolars (sometimes)
Dermoid Cyst
Teratoma cyst (contains hair follicles, glands) Found: FOM
Epidermoid Cystt
Epithelial lined sac found in acne prone areas
Develop from the hair follicle
Lymphoepithelial Cyst
Epithelial lined sac in lymphoid tissue
Found: Waldyers Circle (tonsils, adenoids), FOM, Lateral tongue, Soft palate
Yellow in color (benign)
White
Branchial Cyst
** Cervical Lymphoepithelial cyst **
Found anterior to SCM
Soft and fluctuant
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Cyst found along the path of thyroid travel to the neck. Epithelial remnants
Diagnosed before age of 20
Non functional thyroid tissue
Nasolabial Cyst
Lateral to midline in maxilla
SOFT TISSUE cyst
Raised ALA of the nose
Theories: Epithelial Remanants from…
- Nasolacrimal duct
- Fusion of Mx and medial nasal processes
Nasopalatine Cyst
Found between #8 and #9
Greater than 6 mm in diameter
Incisive Papilla Cyst
Nasopalatine cyst that developed in the soft tissue of the incisive papilla
Cysts of Newborn
Epstein Pearls
Bohns Nodules
Epstein Pearls
Epithelial remnants on the midline of the palate. Trapped during fusion of palatal shelves
Bohns Nodules
Epithelial remnants of minor salivary glands.
Found on the palate - scattered?
Eagle Syndrome
** Stylohyoid syndrome – Carotid syndrome **
Calcified stylohyoid ligament
Elongated Styloid process
Pain when turning head, dizziness because of the pinching of the carotid artery and nerve bunch
Stafne Defect
Radiolucencey BELOW the mandibular nerve canal.
Overgrowth and pressure of submandibular salivary gland.
Tissue is normal and functioning when biopsied
Cleft Lip
Fusion failure of Maxillary process and medial nasal process
Treatment: Rule of 10
10 weeks, 10 lbs, 10 gram % hemoglobin
Primary Palate
Intermaxillary Segment – merge medial nasal process
Anterior 1/3 hard palate
Incisors
Secondary Palate
Maxillary Processes - palatal shelves
Cleft Palate
Failure of fusion of palatal shelves
Secondary palate with primary palate
45% cases are CL and CP
.
Syndromic clefting
Typically Cleft Palate only
Most common syndromic clefting –> Van Der Woude Syndrome
Lateral Facial cleft
Failure of maxillary and mandibular process to fuse
Oblique facial Cleft
Failure of fusion of lateral nasal processes and maxillary process
Median Cleft
Failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes
Prevalence of clefting
Native Americans
Asians
Caucasians
African American
Submucousal palatal cleft
Mucosa intact Underlying structures (bone, muscle) defect
Appearance – Blue midline discoloration
Minimal manifestation of cleft palate
Cleft uvula
Commissural Lip Pits
Mucosal invaginations that occur in the corner of the mouth
NOT syndromic – not associated with cleating
No treatment required
Paramedian lip pits
Typically syndromic
Invaginations of lower lip
Usually bilateral
No treatment
Van Der Woude Syndrome
Paramedian Lip Pits
CL and CP – most common syndromic
AD
Double lip
Redundant fold of tissue on mucosal side of lip
Congenital or acquired
UPPER LIP
No treatment
Ascher Syndrome
Double lip
Blepharochalasis (eye swelling)
Non toxic thyroid enlargment
Fordyce granules
ectopic sebacous glands - no hair follicle
VERY COMMON!
Buccal mucosa
Vermillion border
Whit - yellow papular lesions (raised)
Leukoedema
AFRICAN AMERICANS
Gray-white opalescent lesions
Bilateral
Buccal Mucosa
Does not rub off
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS –> white disappears when cheek is stretched
Microglossia
Abnormally small tongue
Syndromic – associated with limb features
Aglossia
missing tongue
associated with micrognathia
can result in misshaped maxillary palate
* tongue is important for shaping palate
Mandibular incisors may be missing
Macroglossia
Large tongue
Caused by:
- Vascular malformations
- Muscular hypertrophy
- Lymphangioma
- Down syndrome
- Amyloidosis
- Angioedema
- Tumors
- BECKWITH WIEDMANN syndrome
Amyloidosis
accumulation of inappropriately folded proteins
Angioedema
Allergic reaction
Beck with Wiedmann Syndrome
Patients have an increased risk for childhood tumors
Ankyloglossia
Tongue tied
Short frenum
Problems with:
- Speech
- Breastfeeding
Treatment - frenectomy or frenuloplasty
Lingual thyroid
Thyroid tissue located at the foramen cecum on the tongue.
Only functioning thyroid tissue – DO NOT REMOVE
Arise during puberty, pregnancy, menopause
Symptoms of lingual thyroid
Dysphagia
Dysphonia
Dyspnea
How to determine if it is a lingual thyroid without biopsy?
Use Iodine isotopes or TECH 99
CT or MRI
Fissured Tongue
Scrotal Tongue
Multiple grooves and furrows (deep)
Burning – from bacteria and and food impaction in crevices
associated with GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE
No treatment – just brush
Geographic tongue
BENIGN MIGRATORY GLOSSITIS
Inflammation that moves around the tongue
Depopulates the tongue – smooth areas
Associated with fissured tongue
Erythema migrans
Geographic tongue when NOT ON THE TONGUE
