Chapter 1

Question 1

Crouzon Syndrome

Answer 1

Craniosynostosis
Beaten metal skull x ray
Underdeveloped maxilla
Mutation in fibroblast

Question 2

Apert Syndrome

Answer 2

** ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLY **
Craniosynostosis
Syndactly
Downward PALPEBRAL FISSURES

Question 3

Treacher- Collins Syndrome

Answer 3

** MANDIBULOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS **
Hypoplastic zygoma
Colomba (notched out portion of eye)

Question 4

Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy

Answer 4

Loss of function and atrophy of one side of the face.

Trauma – Borrelia burgoderfi infection

Question 5

Hemihyperplasia

Answer 5

Non symmetrical growth of a body part

Question 6

Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia

Answer 6

Overgrowth of bone and overlying gingiva in maxilla. 
Missing premolars (sometimes)

Question 7

Dermoid Cyst

Answer 7

Teratoma cyst (contains hair follicles, glands)
Found: FOM

Question 8

Epidermoid Cystt

Answer 8

Epithelial lined sac found in acne prone areas

Develop from the hair follicle

Question 9

Lymphoepithelial Cyst

Answer 9

Epithelial lined sac in lymphoid tissue
Found: Waldyers Circle (tonsils, adenoids), FOM, Lateral tongue, Soft palate

Yellow in color (benign)
White

Question 10

Branchial Cyst

Answer 10

** Cervical Lymphoepithelial cyst **
Found anterior to SCM
Soft and fluctuant

Question 11

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

Answer 11

Cyst found along the path of thyroid travel to the neck. Epithelial remnants
Diagnosed before age of 20
Non functional thyroid tissue

Question 12

Nasolabial Cyst

Answer 12

Lateral to midline in maxilla
SOFT TISSUE cyst
Raised ALA of the nose

Theories: Epithelial Remanants from…

• Nasolacrimal duct
• Fusion of Mx and medial nasal processes

Question 13

Nasopalatine Cyst

Answer 13

Found between #8 and #9

Greater than 6 mm in diameter

Question 14

Incisive Papilla Cyst

Answer 14

Nasopalatine cyst that developed in the soft tissue of the incisive papilla

Question 15

Cysts of Newborn

Answer 15

Epstein Pearls

Bohns Nodules

Question 16

Epstein Pearls

Answer 16

Epithelial remnants on the midline of the palate. Trapped during fusion of palatal shelves

Question 17

Bohns Nodules

Answer 17

Epithelial remnants of minor salivary glands.

Found on the palate - scattered?

Question 18

Eagle Syndrome

Answer 18

** Stylohyoid syndrome – Carotid syndrome **
Calcified stylohyoid ligament
Elongated Styloid process
Pain when turning head, dizziness because of the pinching of the carotid artery and nerve bunch

Question 19

Stafne Defect

Answer 19

Radiolucencey BELOW the mandibular nerve canal.
Overgrowth and pressure of submandibular salivary gland.
Tissue is normal and functioning when biopsied

Question 20

Cleft Lip

Answer 20

Fusion failure of Maxillary process and medial nasal process

Treatment: Rule of 10
10 weeks, 10 lbs, 10 gram % hemoglobin

Question 21

Primary Palate

Answer 21

Intermaxillary Segment – merge medial nasal process
Anterior 1/3 hard palate
Incisors

Question 22

Secondary Palate

Answer 22

Maxillary Processes - palatal shelves

Question 23

Cleft Palate

Answer 23

Failure of fusion of palatal shelves

Secondary palate with primary palate

Question 24

45% cases are CL and CP

Answer 24

.

Question 25

Syndromic clefting

Answer 25

Typically Cleft Palate only | Most common syndromic clefting --> Van Der Woude Syndrome

Question 26

Lateral Facial cleft

Answer 26

Failure of maxillary and mandibular process to fuse

Question 27

Oblique facial Cleft

Answer 27

Failure of fusion of lateral nasal processes and maxillary process

Question 28

Median Cleft

Answer 28

Failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes

Question 29

Prevalence of clefting

Answer 29

Native Americans Asians Caucasians African American

Question 30

Submucousal palatal cleft

Answer 30

``` Mucosa intact Underlying structures (bone, muscle) defect ``` Appearance -- Blue midline discoloration

Question 31

Minimal manifestation of cleft palate

Answer 31

Cleft uvula

Question 32

Commissural Lip Pits

Answer 32

Mucosal invaginations that occur in the corner of the mouth NOT syndromic -- not associated with cleating No treatment required

Question 33

Paramedian lip pits

Answer 33

Typically syndromic Invaginations of lower lip Usually bilateral No treatment

Question 34

Van Der Woude Syndrome

Answer 34

Paramedian Lip Pits CL and CP -- most common syndromic AD

Question 35

Double lip

Answer 35

Redundant fold of tissue on mucosal side of lip Congenital or acquired UPPER LIP No treatment

Question 36

Ascher Syndrome

Answer 36

Double lip Blepharochalasis (eye swelling) Non toxic thyroid enlargment

Question 37

Fordyce granules

Answer 37

ectopic sebacous glands - no hair follicle VERY COMMON! Buccal mucosa Vermillion border Whit - yellow papular lesions (raised)

Question 38

Leukoedema

Answer 38

AFRICAN AMERICANS Gray-white opalescent lesions Bilateral Buccal Mucosa Does not rub off CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS --> white disappears when cheek is stretched

Question 39

Microglossia

Answer 39

Abnormally small tongue | Syndromic -- associated with limb features

Question 40

Aglossia

Answer 40

missing tongue associated with micrognathia can result in misshaped maxillary palate * tongue is important for shaping palate Mandibular incisors may be missing

Question 41

Macroglossia

Answer 41

Large tongue Caused by: * Vascular malformations * Muscular hypertrophy * Lymphangioma * Down syndrome * Amyloidosis * Angioedema * Tumors * BECKWITH WIEDMANN syndrome

Question 42

Amyloidosis

Answer 42

accumulation of inappropriately folded proteins

Question 43

Angioedema

Answer 43

Allergic reaction

Question 44

Beck with Wiedmann Syndrome

Answer 44

Patients have an increased risk for childhood tumors

Question 45

Ankyloglossia

Answer 45

Tongue tied Short frenum Problems with: * Speech * Breastfeeding Treatment - frenectomy or frenuloplasty

Question 46

Lingual thyroid

Answer 46

Thyroid tissue located at the foramen cecum on the tongue. Only functioning thyroid tissue -- DO NOT REMOVE Arise during puberty, pregnancy, menopause

Question 47

Symptoms of lingual thyroid

Answer 47

Dysphagia Dysphonia Dyspnea

Question 48

How to determine if it is a lingual thyroid without biopsy?

Answer 48

Use Iodine isotopes or TECH 99 | CT or MRI

Question 49

Fissured Tongue

Answer 49

Scrotal Tongue Multiple grooves and furrows (deep) Burning -- from bacteria and and food impaction in crevices associated with GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE No treatment -- just brush

Question 50

Geographic tongue

Answer 50

BENIGN MIGRATORY GLOSSITIS Inflammation that moves around the tongue Depopulates the tongue -- smooth areas Associated with fissured tongue

Question 51

Erythema migrans

Answer 51

Geographic tongue when NOT ON THE TONGUE