Chapter 1 Flashcards
Who was awarded the first Nobel Prize for physics in 1901, for his experimental work with radiation?
D) W. C. Roentgen
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered the x-ray on November 8, 1895.
Who is credited with introducing the bitewing radiograph?
B) H. R. Raper
Howard Riley Raper wrote the first dental radiology textbook, Elementary and Dental Radiology, and introduced bitewing radiographs in 1925.
Who developed the hot cathode ray tube?
A) W. D. Coolidge
William David Coolidge developed the shockproof hot cathode tube while working for General Electric Company in 1913.
Who developed the first digital imaging system?
B) F. Mouyen
Francis Mouyen developed the first digital imaging system called RadioVisioGraphy in 1987.
What New Orleans dentist first made practical use of x-rays in the treatment of dental patients?
D) C. E. Kells
C. Edmund Kells took the first dental radiograph on a living subject in the United States.
Early researchers working in the field of radiography were not aware that continued exposure to x-rays produced accumulations of radiation effects in the body because x-rays are invisible.
A) Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
The most significant advancement in the early days of radiography came in 1913 when W. D. Coolidge
D) introduced an x-ray tube that allowed for an x-ray output that could be predetermined and accurately controlled.
The first dental radiograph was produced using an exposure time of
D) 25 minutes
Dr. Otto Walkhoff was the first to expose a prototype of a dental radiograph.
What component of the dental x-ray machine best limits the size of the x-ray beam to the approximate size of the image receptor?
C) A rectangular PID
A rectangular position indicating device (PID) limits the size of the x-ray beam that strikes the patient.
Panoramic radiology became popular in the
D) 1960s
Panoramic radiography became popular with the introduction of the panoramic x-ray machine.
Which of the following is not true regarding cone beam volumetric imaging (CBVI)?
B) It uses less radiation than a panoramic radiograph.
The dose is still 4 to 15 times that required for a panoramic radiograph.
Early dental film required long exposure times because
B) the emulsion was only on one side.
Early film had emulsion on only one side and required long exposure times.
Each of the following is an advantage of digital imaging except one. Which one is the exception?
C) It allows the use of pointed cones without radiation hazards.
Pointed cones are no longer acceptable because x-rays are scattered through contact with the material of pointed cones.
The bisecting technique was the first and earliest radiographic technique for exposing intraoral radiographs because the bisecting technique is based on the rule of isometry.
B) Both the statement and reason are correct but not related.
Which radiographic technique is less complicated and produces better quality radiographic images?
B) Paralleling
The paralleling technique is less complicated and produces better quality radiographic images.
The rule of isometry is the basis for what dental radiographic technique?
A) Bisecting
In 1907, A. Cieszyński, a Polish engineer, applied the ‘rule of isometry’ to dental radiology and is credited for suggesting the bisecting technique.
Each of the following is a potential use of dental radiographs except one. Which one is the exception?
D) Assessing patient self-care
Home care is best determined during a visual clinical examination.
Producing radiographs of the teeth and/or the oral cavity is called?
E) Radiography
Radiography is defined as the making of radiographs by exposing and processing x-ray film.
Dental assistants and dental hygienists meet an important need by providing each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?
D) Prescribing radiographs
Dentists have the authority and responsibility for prescribing and diagnosing conditions from dental radiographs.
The positioning indicating device (PID) is sometimes called a ‘cone’ because?
A) Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
Because cones were used for so many years, many still refer to the open cylinders or rectangular tubes as cones.
O. Walkhoff was awarded the first Nobel Prize for physics.
FALSE
William Conrad Roentgen was awarded the first Nobel Prize for physics in 1901 for the discovery of the x-ray.
C. Edmund Kells encouraged the practical use of radiographs in dentistry.
TRUE
C. Edmund Kells took the first dental radiograph on a living subject in the United States.
The radiographer should help the patient hold the image receptor in place during exposure.
FALSE
Continued exposure results in the accumulation of radiation effects in the body that can be dangerous to the radiographer.
In the early 1900s dental patients would have to be sent to hospitals or a physician’s office to have a dental radiograph exposed.
TRUE
It was customary to send the patient to a hospital or physician’s office on those rare occasions when dental radiographs were prescribed.
Early dental x-ray machines were an electrical hazard.
TRUE
Dental x-ray machines manufactured before 1920 were an electrical hazard because of open, uninsulated, high-voltage supply wires.
Pointed cones should be used to direct radiation from the x-ray tube to the patient.
FALSE
Pointed cones allow x-ray scatter to reach the patient through contact with the material of the cone.
Dental x-ray film available today is coated with emulsion on both sides.
TRUE
Today’s films are double emulsion and require much shorter exposure times.
The bisecting technique is the technique of choice for intraoral radiography.
FALSE
The paralleling technique is less complicated and produces better radiographs more consistently than the bisecting technique.
Dental radiography supplements visual and physical examination to provide a quality evaluation of a patient.
TRUE
Many conditions may go undetected without radiographic examination.
Digital imaging systems can reduce radiation dosage more than film-based radiography.
TRUE
Digital sensors that replace film are more sensitive to x-rays, allowing for a reduction in radiation dose.
A radiograph is an image produced by exposure to x-rays.
TRUE
The definition of radiograph is an image produced on photosensitive film by exposure to x-rays.
Computed tomography eliminates the use of radiation to produce an image.
FALSE
Computed tomography or CT scans deliver high radiation doses.
Digital imaging replaces the conventional dental x-ray machine.
FALSE
The conventional dental x-ray machine is used for both digital and film-based imaging.
The paralleling technique is based on the rule of isometry.
FALSE
The bisecting technique is based on the rule of isometry.
The PID is used to direct the useful beam of radiation.
TRUE
PID stands for position indicating device.
X-radiation was discovered when Roentgen was working with a Crookes tube.
TRUE
Roentgen discovered x-radiation while working with a Crookes tube.
Roentgen named his discovery the roentgen ray.
FALSE
He spoke of it as an x-ray because the symbol x represented the unknown.
The x-radiation output of the Crookes tube could be predetermined and accurately controlled.
FALSE
The x-ray output of the Coolidge tube could be predetermined and accurately controlled.
Early scientists and researchers working in the field of radiography were not aware that continued exposure produced accumulations of radiation effects in the body.
TRUE
Because x-rays are invisible, they were not aware of the dangers.
In the early 1900s, it was common practice for the radiographer to help the patient hold the film in place while making the exposure.
TRUE
It was common practice for the dentist or dental assistant to help the patient hold the film in place.
Who first determined that x-rays would play a role in dentistry?
Dr. Otto Walkhoff first held a small photographic plate in his mouth for a 25-minute exposure.
Who was the first person to put the dental x-ray into practical use in dentistry?
C. Edmund Kells was credited with putting the x-ray into practical use in dentistry.
Who developed the hot cathode ray tube?
In 1913, William David Coolidge designed the hot cathode tube.
Which radiograph displays the entire dentition and surrounding structures?
A panoramic radiograph displays a broad area of the mandible and maxilla.
What is the technique of choice for intraoral radiography?
The paralleling technique is the technique of choice.
In dental digital imaging systems, what replaces film?
Sensors replace film in digital imaging systems.
What medical imaging modality records a selected plane of tissues?
A computed tomography (CT) scan images a single selected plane of tissues.
What is the name of the device that functions to direct the x-ray beam toward the patient?
A position indicating device (PID) is used to direct the x-ray beam.
What is the purpose of studying the history of radiography and dental radiography?
To understand the evolution of concepts and appreciate future advancements.
What are the two techniques for exposing intraoral dental radiographs?
The bisecting technique and the paralleling technique.
