Chapter 1 Flashcards
Define anatomy
Scientific investigation of the body’s structure identify
Define physiology
Scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things
how it functions
List levels of organization from simplest to most complex
-atoms
-molecules (composed of^)
-organelle (composed of^)
-cell (composed of^)
-tissue (composed of^)
-organ (composed of^)
-organ system (composed of^)
-organism (composed of^)
What are the 5 environmental factors required for human life
-water
-food
-oxygen
-heat
-pressure
What are the 11 organ systems
1-respiratory
2-muscular
3-circulatory
4-nervous
5-reproductive
6-skeletal
7-endocrine
8-digestive
9-lymphatic
10-integumentary
11-urinary
Define homeostasis
The relative constancy of the body’s internal environment
Examples of homeostasis
-temperature regulation
-regulation of blood CO2 level
-regulation of blood glucose level
-regulation of blood pressure
What is set point in terms of homeostasis
The ideal normal value of a variable
What is the set point for body temperature?
98.6 F
What are the two types of feedback systems?
Negative and positive
What is the most common feedback system?
Negative
What is the least common feedback system?
Positive
Example of negative feedback
-sweating when hot
-shivering when cold
Example of positive feedback
-Childbirth
-blood clotting
-protein digestion
-fever
Vasodilation and what type of feedback
Negative feedback
-if too warm, vessels dilate and sweating begins (heat-losing mechanism)
Vasoconstriction and what type of feedback
Negative feedback
-if too cold, vessels constrict and shivering begins (heat-gaining mechanism)
Hypothermia
Stimulus- decrease in body temperature
Response- vasoconstriction in skin, shivers if needed (heat-gaining mechanism)
Hyperthermia
Stimulus- increase in body temperature
Response- vasodilation and sweating
(Heat-losing mechanism)
What is positive feedback
Increase the change or output in order for the process to be completed more quickly so the body can return to normal
What is negative feedback
Occurs to reduce the change or output by constantly adjusting to correct the abnormal situation
