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Human Anatomy 1 > Ch. 11 Muscular System > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A thin, flat sheet of connective tissue that attaches to bones; helps with movement and posture

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2
Q

Atrophy

A

The progressive decline or wasting away of a body part, organ, tissue, or cell. decrease in muscle size

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3
Q

Fatigue

A

A physical or mental state of weariness that can be cause by exertion or other factors (health conditions, medications, habits, etc.)

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4
Q

Hypertrophy

A

The process by which cells enlarge, causing an organ or tissue to increase in size. increase in muscle size

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5
Q

Insertion

A

The point where the muscle attaches to a bone, tendon, or connective tissue that moves when the muscle contracts

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6
Q

Origin

A

The point where a muscle attaches to a bone that remains fixed during muscle contraction

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7
Q

Paralysis

A

The loss of muscle function in part or all of the body, caused by an issue with the messages sent between the brain and muscles

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8
Q

Posture

A

The position of the body in space, and how the body is held while sitting, standing, or moving

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9
Q

Tendon

A

Tough, fibrous, cord-like tissue that connects a muscle to a bone or other structure

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10
Q

Tone

A

The amount of tension a muscle had at rest, or its resistance to passive stretching

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of muscular tissue?

A

-skeletal
-cardiac
-smooth

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12
Q

Skeletal muscle location

A

Muscles of body

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13
Q

Skeletal muscle function

A

Movement of bones

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14
Q

Skeletal muscle appearance

A

-Straited (regular)
-multinucleated

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15
Q

Skeletal muscle control

A

Voluntary

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16
Q

Cardiac muscle location

A

Heart

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17
Q

Cardiac muscle function

A

Pumping of blood

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18
Q

Cardiac muscle appearance

A

-striated (irregular)
-single nucleus

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19
Q

Cardiac muscle control

A

Involuntary

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20
Q

Smooth muscle location

A

-viscera (organs)
-Ex: blood vessels, bladder, stomach

21
Q

Smooth muscle function

A

-movement
-change in size, depends on structure

22
Q

Smooth muscle appearance

A

-no striations
-single nucleus

23
Q

Smooth muscle control

A

Involuntary

24
Q

Functions of skeletal muscles

A

-movement
-heat production
-posture

25
Q

Characteristics of muscle tissue

A

-contractility
-extensibility
-excitability (irritability)

26
Q

Innervation

A

The distribution of nerves to a body part or structure to regulate its function

27
Q

Prime mover (agonist)

A

Main muscle that causes the action

28
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposite action of prime mover. (Ex. Bicep curls—> biceps = prime mover, triceps = antagonist)

29
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle that works with another muscle to help it perform a function more effectively (works with agonist)

30
Q

Fixator

A

A muscle that stabilizes a body part while another part moves

31
Q

Endomysium

A

Connective tissue around muscle cells

32
Q

Fascicle

A

Group of muscle or nerve fibers

33
Q

Perimysium

A

Connective tissue around muscle fascicles

34
Q

Epimysium

A

Connective tissue surrounding entire muscle

35
Q

Fascia

A

Sheet or thin band of fibrous tissue that covers muscles and some organs of the body

36
Q

What is the nervous system responsible for?

A

-muscle tone
-regulation
-coordination

37
Q

Muscles exert a continual pull on bones in….

A

The opposite direction from gravity

38
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

-Where nerve and muscle come together
-electrical impulses to cause muscle contraction

39
Q

Neurons release a neurotransmitter called what?

A

Acetylcholine

40
Q

What does acetylcholine do?

A

Causes changes in sarcolemma

41
Q

Incomplete tetanus

A

Muscle fibers partially relax between contraction

42
Q

Complete tetanus

A

No relaxation between contractions

43
Q

Isometric muscle contraction

A

No change in length but tension increases

44
Q

Isotonic muscle contraction

A

Change in length but tension is constant

45
Q

Muscle tone

A

Sustained partial contraction over time

46
Q

What is rigor mortis?

A

Hardening of muscles and stiffening of the body after death

47
Q

How long after death does rigor mortis start to occur?

A

3-4 hours after death

48
Q

When does rigor mortis peak?

A

About 12 hours after death

49
Q

When does rigor mortis start to diminish?

A

After peaking 12 hours after death, diminishes over the next 48-60 hours

Human Anatomy 1 (30 decks)

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