chapter 1 Flashcards
Professional organization representing psychologists in the United States.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Focus on observing and controlling behaviors
Behaviorism
Study of how biology influences behavior
Biopsychology
Perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to determine an individual’s health
Biopsychosocial model
Study of cognitions or thoughts and their relationship to experiences and actions
Cognitive psychology
Area of psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior
Clinical psychology
Area of psychology that focuses on improving emotional, social, vocational, and other aspects of the lives of psychologically healthy individuals
Counseling psychology
Scientific study of development across a lifespan
Developmental psychology
Long research paper about research that was conducted as a part of the candidate’s doctoral training
Dissertation
Method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities
Empirical Method
Area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues within and related to the justice system
Forensic psychology
Focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment
Functionalism
Perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans
Humanism
process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts
Introspection
Suffix that denotes “scientific study of”
-ology
Study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that makes each individual unique
Personality psychology
Consistent pattern of thought and behavior
Personality trait
Doctoral degree conferred in many disciplinary perspectives housed in a traditional college or liberal arts and sciences
PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)
allows young scientists to further develop their research programs and broaden their research skills under the supervision of other professionals in the field
Postdoctoral training program
Focus on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior
Psychoanalytic Theory
Scientific study of the mind and behavior
Psychology
Doctoral degree that places less emphasis on research-oriented skills and focuses more on application of psychological principles on the clinical context
PsyD (Doctor of Psychology)
Area of psychology that focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional factors and physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities
Sport and exercise psychology
Understanding the conscious experience through introspection
Structuralism
what was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed
a. critical thinking
b. use of the scientific method
c. critical evaluation of sources of information
d. all of the above
D. All of the above
Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in
a. biology
b. chemistry
c. philosophy
d. physics
C. Philosophy
In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a
a. observation
b. measurement
c. test
d. proposed explanation
D. Proposed explanation
what theorist would be most likely to agree with this statement: perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components
a. william james
b. max wertheimer
c. carl rogers
d. noam chomsky
B. Max Wertheimer
who is most well known for proposing his hierarchy of needs
a. noam chomsky
b. carl rogers
c. abraham maslow
d. sigmund freud
C. Abraham Maslow
Rogers believed that providing genuineness empathy, and ______ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems
a. Structuralism
b. Functionalism
c. Gestalt
d. Unconditional positive regard
D. Unconditional positive regard
The operant conditioning chamber (aka_____ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning
a. Skinner
b. Watson
c. James
d. Koffka
A. Skinner
A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus ( A structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a
a. Biological
b. Health
c. Clinical
d. Social
A. Biological
an individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as
a. Psychosexual stage
b. Object permanence
c. personality
d. perception
C. Personality
Milgram’s controversial study on obedience, nearly______ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure
a. 1/3
b. 2/3
c. 3/4
d. 4/5
B. 2/3
A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a _______ psychologist
a. personality
b. clinical
c. social
d. I-O
D. I-O
If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, they would probably need a ______ degree in psychology
a. bachelor of science
b. bachelor of art
c. master’s
d. PhD
D. PhD
The ______ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills
a. PhD
b. PsyD
c. Postdoctoral training program
d. dissertation
B. PsyD
Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school
a. PhD
b. PsyD
c. Master’s degree
d. Bachelors degree
D. Bachelors degree
One would need at least a ____ degree to serve as a school psychologist
a. Associates
b. Bachelors
c. masters
d. doctoral
C. Masters
