Chapter 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
The science of the form or structure of all organisms
Physiology
functions of the body and all its parts
The structure
Anatomy
Function
Physiology
The anatomy and physiology of the body is commonly
Pursed as independent disciplines
Gross anatomy
Form and relations of the structures of the body
Microscopic Anatomy or Histology
Study of tissue and cells under a microscope
Comparative anatomy
Structures of various species
Embryology
Developmental anatomy
Systematic anatomy
Collective set of organs or parts that function as a system
Cranial
Towards the head
Caudal
Towards the tail
Rostrum and caudal
Used to reference features of the head going towards the nose and towards the tail
Dorsal
Towards backbone
Ventral
Away from backbone
Proximal
Relatively close to a given part, vertebral column
Distal
Farther from vertebral column
Proximal and distal are used when referring to
Limbs or appendages
Median plane
Imaginary plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves
Sagittal plane
Parallel to the median plane (can have multiple)
Transverse plane
Right angles to the median plane and dividends body into cranial and caudal segments
Horizontal plane
Right angle to the median and transverse planes which divide the body into dorsal and ventral segments
Medial
Closer to towards the median plane
Lateral
Away form the median plane
Cells
Small subunits of living organisms
Cell functions
Growth, metabolism, response to stimuli, contraction, reproduction.
A cell consists of three main parts
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
What cells do not have a nucleus
Red bloods cells
Tissue
specialized cells that preform single or multiple functions
Four primary types of tissues
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Epithelial tissue
Cover the surface of the body
Two classes of epithelial tissue
Simple and stratified
Connective tissue
Connect, support, and anchor other tissues
Connective tissue functions
Connect internal organs, forms bones, forms wall of blood vessels, attaches muscle to bone, replacement tissue following injury, give rise to some blood components
Types of connective tissues
Elastic, collagenous, reticular, adipose, cartilage, bone
Elastic tissues
Kinked, yellow fibrous tissue that regain their original shape when stretched
Where is elastic tissue found
Arteries, abdomen, supports the spinal cord,
Collagenous tissues
White fibrous tissue made of the protein collagen
Reticular tissue
Fine fibers and cells that make up the frame work for the endocrine and lymphatic organs
Adipose tissue
Known as fat
Adipocytes
Store fat within the cytoplasm of the cell
Cartilage tissue
Specialized tissue that is harder then fibrous tissue but not as hard as bone
Bone tissue
Connective tissue which later becomes calcified to form bones
