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ANSC 2360 - Livsk A&P > Anatomy and Physiology of the Cell > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology of the Cell Flashcards

1
Q

What are a function unit of all life

A

Cells

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2
Q

Properties of life

A

Homeostasis, growth, reproduction, absorption, metabolism, secretion, irritability, conductivity, contractility

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

Attempt to maintain state of stability in the body

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4
Q

Growth

A

Increase in size

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5
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase cell or organ size beyond normal

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6
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase size due to an increase in the number of cells

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7
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in cell or organ size beyond normal

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8
Q

Aplasia

A

Failure of a tissue or organ to develop

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9
Q

Hypoplasia

A

Incomplete or defective development of a tissue or organ

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10
Q

Reproduction

A

Ability to produce more cells that are essentially the same

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11
Q

What cells cannot reproduce

A

Nerve cells

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12
Q

Absorption

A

Process I’d moving dissolved materials or water through the cell membrane

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13
Q

Passive absorption

A

No energy required

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14
Q

Active absorption

A

Energy required

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15
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all physical and chemical reactions in each cell

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16
Q

Anabolism

A

Building and maintain good cellular components

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17
Q

Catabolism

A

Break down of cellular components

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18
Q

Irritability

A

Property of being able to react to stimuli

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19
Q

Conductivity

A

Property of transmitting an electrical impulse from one cell to another

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20
Q

What cells is conductivity important to

A

Nerve and muscle

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21
Q

Contractility

A

Ability to shorten the cell in one direction

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22
Q

What is the approximate composition of the cytoplasm

A

85% water, 10% protein, 2% lipids, 3% inorganic matter and other substances

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23
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Excludes nucleus

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24
Q

Protoplasm

A

Includes nucleus

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25
Q

Water makes up

A

60-65 % of each cell

26
Q

Cell water is

A

The largest constituent of the cytoplasm (~ 85%)

27
Q

Two types of cellular water

A

Intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid

28
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

Fluid found within the cell

29
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

Fluid found outside of the cell

30
Q

Types of extracellular fluid

A

Interstitial fluid and blood plasma

31
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Fluid surrounding cells throughout the body

32
Q

Blood plasma

A

Fluid suspending blood cells

33
Q

Factors that affect bodily fluid

A

Condition, age, state of hydration, species

34
Q

What constantly lost from body by

A

Urination, feces, sweating

35
Q

What is the primary source of water replacement

A

Drinking

36
Q

What is the second largest constituent of the cytoplasm

A

Protein

37
Q

Most cellular proteins are

A

Structural proteins and reactive proteins

38
Q

Structural protein

A

Collagen, elastins, keratins

39
Q

Reactive proteins

A

Enzymes, protein hormones, histones, contractile proteins

40
Q

Elastins proteins

A

Ligaments, tendons, some arteries

41
Q

Keratins

A

Will, hair, horns, hoofs

42
Q

Contractile proteins

A

Actin and myosin

43
Q

Protein in blood plasma functions

A

Transportation, blood coagulation, osmotic pressure , antibodies

44
Q

Lipids

A

Fatty substances that are mostly non-polar and insoluble in water

45
Q

Four types of lipids

A

Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

46
Q

Fatty acids

A

Saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated

47
Q

Saturated fatty acid

A

Each carbon has four, single covalent bonds

48
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

Any carbon has less then four covalent bonds

49
Q

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

A

More than one carbon has less the four covalent bonds

50
Q

Triglycerides

A

A glycerol molecule with three fatty acids attached

51
Q

Primary form of triglycerides

A

Fat in adipose tissue

52
Q

Fatty acids must be detached from — to be further metabolized

A

Glycerol

53
Q

Glycerol and fatty acids

A

A source of energy

54
Q

Steroids

A

Lipids which the carbon atoms are connected in ring structures

55
Q

Phospholipids

A

Similar to triglycerides, except a phosphate group replaces one fatty acids

56
Q

Why are phospholipids important

A

The primary role of the cell membrane

57
Q

Cholectol

A

Most common steroid

58
Q

24 elects found in animal body

A

Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, iodine, iron, phosphorus, calcium, chlorine, potassium, sulfur, sodium, magnesium, copper, manganese, Cincinnati, cobalt, chromium,selenium, molybdenum, fluorine, tin, vanadium

59
Q

What four make up 99% of living tissue

A

Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen

60
Q

Electrolyte

A

Any molecule that in solution dissociates into its electrically charged component

61
Q

Bone contains how much inorganic material

A

65%

62
Q

Charbohydrates make up less than

A

1% of cells

ANSC 2360 - Livsk A&P (11 decks)

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