Anatomy and Physiology of the Cell

Question 1

What are a function unit of all life

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

Properties of life

Answer 2

Homeostasis, growth, reproduction, absorption, metabolism, secretion, irritability, conductivity, contractility

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

Attempt to maintain state of stability in the body

Question 4

Growth

Answer 4

Increase in size

Question 5

Hypertrophy

Answer 5

Increase cell or organ size beyond normal

Question 6

Hyperplasia

Answer 6

Increase size due to an increase in the number of cells

Question 7

Atrophy

Answer 7

Decrease in cell or organ size beyond normal

Question 8

Aplasia

Answer 8

Failure of a tissue or organ to develop

Question 9

Hypoplasia

Answer 9

Incomplete or defective development of a tissue or organ

Question 10

Reproduction

Answer 10

Ability to produce more cells that are essentially the same

Question 11

What cells cannot reproduce

Answer 11

Nerve cells

Question 12

Absorption

Answer 12

Process I’d moving dissolved materials or water through the cell membrane

Question 13

Passive absorption

Answer 13

No energy required

Question 14

Active absorption

Answer 14

Energy required

Question 15

Metabolism

Answer 15

Sum of all physical and chemical reactions in each cell

Question 16

Anabolism

Answer 16

Building and maintain good cellular components

Question 17

Catabolism

Answer 17

Break down of cellular components

Question 18

Irritability

Answer 18

Property of being able to react to stimuli

Question 19

Conductivity

Answer 19

Property of transmitting an electrical impulse from one cell to another

Question 20

What cells is conductivity important to

Answer 20

Nerve and muscle

Question 21

Contractility

Answer 21

Ability to shorten the cell in one direction

Question 22

What is the approximate composition of the cytoplasm

Answer 22

85% water, 10% protein, 2% lipids, 3% inorganic matter and other substances

Question 23

Cytoplasm

Answer 23

Excludes nucleus

Question 24

Protoplasm

Answer 24

Includes nucleus

Question 25

Water makes up

Answer 25

60-65 % of each cell

Question 26

Cell water is

Answer 26

The largest constituent of the cytoplasm (~ 85%)

Question 27

Two types of cellular water

Answer 27

Intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid

Question 28

Intracellular fluid

Answer 28

Fluid found within the cell

Question 29

Extracellular fluid

Answer 29

Fluid found outside of the cell

Question 30

Types of extracellular fluid

Answer 30

Interstitial fluid and blood plasma

Question 31

Interstitial fluid

Answer 31

Fluid surrounding cells throughout the body

Question 32

Blood plasma

Answer 32

Fluid suspending blood cells

Question 33

Factors that affect bodily fluid

Answer 33

Condition, age, state of hydration, species

Question 34

What constantly lost from body by

Answer 34

Urination, feces, sweating

Question 35

What is the primary source of water replacement

Answer 35

Drinking

Question 36

What is the second largest constituent of the cytoplasm

Answer 36

Protein

Question 37

Most cellular proteins are

Answer 37

Structural proteins and reactive proteins

Question 38

Structural protein

Answer 38

Collagen, elastins, keratins

Question 39

Reactive proteins

Answer 39

Enzymes, protein hormones, histones, contractile proteins

Question 40

Elastins proteins

Answer 40

Ligaments, tendons, some arteries

Question 41

Keratins

Answer 41

Will, hair, horns, hoofs

Question 42

Contractile proteins

Answer 42

Actin and myosin

Question 43

Protein in blood plasma functions

Answer 43

Transportation, blood coagulation, osmotic pressure , antibodies

Question 44

Lipids

Answer 44

Fatty substances that are mostly non-polar and insoluble in water

Question 45

Four types of lipids

Answer 45

Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

Question 46

Fatty acids

Answer 46

Saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated

Question 47

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 47

Each carbon has four, single covalent bonds

Question 48

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 48

Any carbon has less then four covalent bonds

Question 49

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 49

More than one carbon has less the four covalent bonds

Question 50

Triglycerides

Answer 50

A glycerol molecule with three fatty acids attached

Question 51

Primary form of triglycerides

Answer 51

Fat in adipose tissue

Question 52

Fatty acids must be detached from — to be further metabolized

Answer 52

Glycerol

Question 53

Glycerol and fatty acids

Answer 53

A source of energy

Question 54

Steroids

Answer 54

Lipids which the carbon atoms are connected in ring structures

Question 55

Phospholipids

Answer 55

Similar to triglycerides, except a phosphate group replaces one fatty acids

Question 56

Why are phospholipids important

Answer 56

The primary role of the cell membrane

Question 57

Cholectol

Answer 57

Most common steroid

Question 58

24 elects found in animal body

Answer 58

Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, iodine, iron, phosphorus, calcium, chlorine, potassium, sulfur, sodium, magnesium, copper, manganese, Cincinnati, cobalt, chromium,selenium, molybdenum, fluorine, tin, vanadium

Question 59

What four make up 99% of living tissue

Answer 59

Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 60

Electrolyte

Answer 60

Any molecule that in solution dissociates into its electrically charged component

Question 61

Bone contains how much inorganic material

Answer 61

65%

Question 62

Charbohydrates make up less than

Answer 62

1% of cells