Anatomy and Physiology of the Cell Flashcards
What are a function unit of all life
Cells
Properties of life
Homeostasis, growth, reproduction, absorption, metabolism, secretion, irritability, conductivity, contractility
Homeostasis
Attempt to maintain state of stability in the body
Growth
Increase in size
Hypertrophy
Increase cell or organ size beyond normal
Hyperplasia
Increase size due to an increase in the number of cells
Atrophy
Decrease in cell or organ size beyond normal
Aplasia
Failure of a tissue or organ to develop
Hypoplasia
Incomplete or defective development of a tissue or organ
Reproduction
Ability to produce more cells that are essentially the same
What cells cannot reproduce
Nerve cells
Absorption
Process Iād moving dissolved materials or water through the cell membrane
Passive absorption
No energy required
Active absorption
Energy required
Metabolism
Sum of all physical and chemical reactions in each cell
Anabolism
Building and maintain good cellular components
Catabolism
Break down of cellular components
Irritability
Property of being able to react to stimuli
Conductivity
Property of transmitting an electrical impulse from one cell to another
What cells is conductivity important to
Nerve and muscle
Contractility
Ability to shorten the cell in one direction
What is the approximate composition of the cytoplasm
85% water, 10% protein, 2% lipids, 3% inorganic matter and other substances
Cytoplasm
Excludes nucleus
Protoplasm
Includes nucleus