Anatomy of the skeletal system

Question 1

Ostelolgy

Answer 1

study of bones that make up the skeleton

Question 2

Skeleton gives

Answer 2

appearance and structural, very similar in most mammalians with different that reflect lifestyle

Question 3

Functions of bone

Answer 3

protection, structure, movement or locomotion, storage for minerals, blood cell formation, reservoir for inorganic minerals

Question 4

Protection of what vital organs

Answer 4

ribcage - heart and lungs
skull and veterbral column - central nerves system
pelvis - urogenital organs

Question 5

Compact bones

Answer 5

dense or cortical bone, hard dense outer surface, few open spaces, cylindrical columns built around blood vessels

Question 6

Cancellous Bone

Answer 6

spongy or trabecular bone, very porous with inner portion less dense, spaces filled with bone marrow

Question 7

Trabecullae

Answer 7

thin plates of bone forming a latticework structure

Question 8

Medullary Cavity

Answer 8

medulla or marrow cavity, inner most portion, filled with bone marrow.

Question 9

immature bone

Answer 9

nearly all red marrow (hematopoietic tissue)

Question 10

Mature bone

Answer 10

red marrow is converted to yellow marrow (adipose tissue)

Question 11

Epiphysis

Answer 11

either enlarged end of a long bone

Question 12

Diaphysis

Answer 12

cylindrical shaft of the long bone between two epiphyses

Question 13

Metaphysis

Answer 13

the flared area between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

Question 14

Epiphyseal cartilage or plate

Answer 14

layer of cartilage within the metaphysis, only area for bone growth in length, only found in immature bone

Question 15

Articular cartilage

Answer 15

thin layer of cartilage that covers the articular (join) surface of the bone

Question 16

Periosteum

Answer 16

Fibrous membrane that covers the exterior surface of a bone, except where articular cartilage is located

Question 17

Endostcum

Answer 17

fibrous membrane that covers the marrow cavity or interior surface and the osteons of a bone

Question 18

three types of cells found in bone

Answer 18

osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocytes

Question 19

Osteroblast

Answer 19

build up the bone, found in periosteum

Question 20

Osteoclast

Answer 20

break-ing down the bone, found in endosteum

Question 21

Ostecytes

Answer 21

maintain the none matrix, embedded between periosteum and endosteum

Question 22

types of bones

Answer 22

long, short, flat, sesamoid, Pneumatic, irregular

Question 23

Long bones

Answer 23

greater in one length than any other, characteristics - cylindrical shaft, two enlarged ends, metaphysis dividing each epiphysis from diaphysis, functions - leverage, aids in support, locomotion, prehension, found mostly in extremities

Question 24

Short bones

Answer 24

cuboid in cape or approximately equal in all dimensions, characteristics - no defined marrow cavity, only spongy bone with marrow spaces, thin layers of compact bone on exterior, function - absorb shock or concussion, found in complex joints (carpus, tarsus (hock))

Question 25

Flat bone

Answer 25

relatively thin bone that expanded in two dimensions, characteristics - two layers of compact bone, separated by spongy material, function - protection of vital organs, provide large surface area for muscle attachment

Question 26

Examples of Flat bone

Answer 26

skull, pelvis, scapulae and ribs

Question 27

Sesamoid bones

Answer 27

called due to their resemblance to sesame seeds, not all are shaped like seeds, functions - reduce friction of tendons during locomotions, embedded within a tendon (when over a joint)

Question 28

Pneumatic Bone

Answer 28

contain hollow air spaces that interact with outside atmosphere, function - reduce weight, increase airspace capacity for respiration, found- frontal and maxillary bones of skull ( mammal and avian), humerus, clavicle, keel, ribs, pelvic girdle (avian only)

Question 29

Irregular bones

Answer 29

no common shape, unpaired, lay on the median plane, function - protection, support, muscle attachment, common bones - vertebrae, unpaired bones in skull.

Question 30

Axial Skeleton

Answer 30

includes bones on or attached to thew midline, skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs