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ANSC 2360 - Livsk A&P > Cell Structures > Flashcards

Cell Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Cellular structure

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles, nucleus

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2
Q

What are the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles

A

Cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes

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3
Q

Cell membrane consists of

A

Phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol

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4
Q

They work together to

A

Ensure structure, permeability, and solubility

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5
Q

A cell membrane consist is of

A

Phospholipid belayer

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6
Q

Phosphate groups

A

Non-lipid polar that are facing away from each other, towards the outer edges

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7
Q

The two fatty acid tails

A

Are non polar and are facing each other

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8
Q

Where is cholesterol found

A

Between the phospholipid molecules

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9
Q

What does cholesterol do

A

Adjusts the fluidity and flexibility of the membrane

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10
Q

Types of cell membrane proteins

A

Integral, transmembrane, peripheral

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11
Q

Integral proteins

A

Inserted firmly between phospholipid molecules

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12
Q

Transmembrane proteins

A

Reach or are exposed to both the cytosol and ECF

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13
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Bound to the surface of the membrane

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14
Q

Function of cell membrane proteins

A

Transport across membrane, site of binding in the ECF, formation of cell-to-cell junctions, provision of enzymes with active sites, identify cell type or cell origin

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15
Q

Cell adhesion

A

Modifications that allow multiple cells to connect and function together as tissues and organs

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16
Q

Cell adhesion molecules

A

Desmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions

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17
Q

Desosomes

A

Thickening of adjacent cell membranes, it’s time fibrils radiation into the cytoplasm of the cell

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18
Q

Tight junctions

A

Area or zone where two adjacent cells immediately adhere to each other, restricting the movement of water or dissolved materials between cells

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19
Q

Gap junctions

A

Passageways between adjacent cells formed by membrane proteins allowing the exchange of small molecules or ions

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20
Q

Methods of transportation

A

Sim0e and facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis

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21
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Distribution of a substance in a solvent medium to it become equal throughout

22
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Requires a carrier system I’m the membrane to assist with crossing

23
Q

Carrier system

A

Transmembrane protein that binds the diffusing molecule on one side and transfers it to the other side

24
Q

Diffusion

A

Goes down concentration gradient

25
Q

Diffusion also

A

Can regulate electrical gradient

26
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water across membranes

27
Q

Aquapoains

A

Transmembrane proteins responsible for the movement of water

28
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Force of moving water from the solution on the side of lower solute concentration to the higher side

29
Q

Three types of Tonicity

A

Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic

30
Q

Isotonic

A

Osmotic pressure of the same on both sides

31
Q

Hypotonic

A

Lower osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid

32
Q

Hypertonic

A

Lower osmotic pressure inside the cell

33
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of some molecules or ions across the cell membrane against the gradients

34
Q

Ion pumps

A

Membrane proteins that use active transport

35
Q

Endocytosis

A

Movement or exterior cell membrane to surround extracellular materials and move across the membrane

36
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Engulfing large amounts of dissolved particles

37
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Engulfing small amounts of dissolved particles

38
Q

Exocytosis

A

We reaction of products synthesized by the cell

39
Q

Cytoplasm

A

material filling inside of the cells and containing intracellular organelles

40
Q

organells

A

intracellular structures organized for a particular function

41
Q

cytosal

A

relatively fluid portion of the cytoplasm

42
Q

name the organelles

A

golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, nucleus

43
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

sit of final stages of synthesis and packaging of secretory products of then cell, appears as a stack, varies in size and location in different tissues,

44
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

membranous network found through the cytoplasm, divided into two different parts, functions - synthesize protein and lipids for new cell membranes, products for secretion

45
Q

Ribosomes

A

RNA-protein complexes that synthesize proteins under direction of nuclear DNA

46
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

associated with ribosomes, synthesis of proteins

47
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

not associated with ribosomes, synthesis of lipids

48
Q

Mitochondria

A

“power house of the cell”, produces energy for the cell, ovoid shaped organelles that have double membrane, contain their own DNA and RNA, inreases when energy demand increases, not dependent on cellular division.

49
Q

lysosomes

A

membrane-bound vesicles of digestive enzymes, contain varied of enzymes that degrade all types of bio molecules, functions - phagocytosis of extracellular material within cell, engulf and degrade intracellular organelles for self regulation

50
Q

Neucleus

A

contain genetic material of all encoded DNA, functions - regulate protein synthesis and biochemical activities, ensure passage of genetic material to new cells

51
Q

somatic cells

A

genetic information for formation and structure of new cells

52
Q

germline cells

A

genetic information for characteristics of new individuals.

ANSC 2360 - Livsk A&P (11 decks)

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