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ANSC 2360 - Livsk A&P > Anatomy and Phyisology of the Integument - 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy and Phyisology of the Integument - 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is in the integumentary system

A

Skin w/ adjoining structures, horns, hooves, claws, other modified structures

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2
Q

Skin

A

Largest organ, continuous covering

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3
Q

Skin functions

A

Protective barrier, reduces water loss, reduce invasion of microbes, thermoregulation, sensory regulation

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4
Q

Skin characteristics

A

Thickness varies on species and individual, thickest where exposed, thinner where protected, attachment varies across body

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5
Q

Structure of skin

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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6
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer most layer, comprised of epithelial tissue, nearly nerve free

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7
Q

Epidermis- histological layer

A

Outer most - Corneum, lucidum, granulasum, spinosum, basale - inner most

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8
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Flatten dead cells

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9
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Not present in all locations

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10
Q

Stratum granulasum

A

Spindle shape cells with “grainy” appearance

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11
Q

Stratum basale

A

Layer that contours the underlying dermis

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12
Q

Striatum spinosum

A

“Spiny” appearance due to the abundance of desmosomes

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13
Q

Desmosomes

A

Fibrous proteins that connect to the cell next to cell

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14
Q

Process of replace in epidermis layer

A

Cells in S.B. undergo mitosis division, new psh the superficial layers away from blood vessels, cells in S.C. fatten, old cells are sloughed off

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15
Q

Keratin

A

Fibrous structural protein

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16
Q

What happens when cells are completely full of keratin

A

The nucleus and organelles disappear

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17
Q

What does keratin do for the surface of the skin

A

Water-resistance, toughens

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18
Q

What are made if keratin

A

Outer layer of skin, hair, horns, nails, claws, hooves

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19
Q

What produces the cells the render color

A

Melanocytes

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20
Q
A

Where are melanocytes located stratum basal

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21
Q

Melanin

A

Pigment derived from the amino acid tyrosine

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22
Q

What is the second layer of skin

A

Dermis/cerium

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23
Q

What does the dermis/curium contain

A

Arteries, veins, capillaries, lymphatic, nerve fibers

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24
Q

Hyperdermis

A

Inner most layer, Composed of adipocytes

25
Q

Hypodermis functions

A

Fat storage, movement of skin without tearing, heat insulation, absorb shock

26
Q

Hair types

A

Guard, wool, tactile

27
Q

Guard hair

A

Smooth outer coat

28
Q

Wool hair

A

Fine (often curly), undercoat

29
Q

Tactile hair

A

Long, stiff hairs utilized as sensory structure

30
Q

Hair follicle structure

A

Hair bulb, dermal papilla, hair matrix, internal / external root sheath

31
Q

Hair bulb

A

Origin of hair

32
Q

Dermal papilla

A

Base of follicle that connects to dermis, blood supply via capillaries

33
Q

Hair matrix

A

Collection of epithelial cells and melanocytes giving rise to the hair and color

34
Q

Internal root sheath

A

Directly adjacent to the hair

35
Q

External root sheath

A

Covers the internal root sheath and give rise to sebaceous (oil) glands

36
Q

Three layers of hair

A

Medulla, cortex, cuticle

37
Q

Medulla

A

Inner most layer containing air spaces between cells

38
Q

Cortex

A

Thickest layer containing keratinized cells that give hair its color

39
Q

Cuticle

A

Outer most layer of clear cells that cover cortex

40
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

Tiny bundle of smooth muscle that extends from lower portion of follicle at an angle, can contract 90°, increases insulation

41
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

Secrets sebum (oil/waxy material) into hair

42
Q

Sweat glands (sudoriferous glands)

A

Tubular gland arising from the dermis to the skin

43
Q

Sudoriferous gland function

A

Thermoregulation

44
Q

Livestock are — meaning they have hooves

A

Ungulate

45
Q

Two distinctive characteristics of unglates

A

Well developed hoofs, distal phalanx

46
Q

Two layer of hooves

A

Epidermis (non), cerium (vascular)

47
Q

Periople

A

Thin waxy layer outside the hoof

48
Q

Hoof wall

A

Thick layers of keratin that create hard surface

49
Q

Coronary band

A

Region where haired skin becomes hoof

50
Q

Laminae

A

Bi-layered, interdigitated region between the hoof and corium

51
Q

Sole

A

Hard surface that contact the ground

52
Q

Bulb

A

Softer rear portion of the sole

53
Q

Digital cushion

A

Interior portion of the sole that absorbs shock, frog

54
Q

Horns

A

Formed over corneal process that projects from frontal bone

55
Q

Interior of the horn

A

Combined corium and periosteum

56
Q

Coronal diverticulum

A

Frontal sinus cavity extends into horn, Rick of external exposure when/if dehorned

57
Q

Dewclaws

A

Resemble horn-type structure, little importance, can be removed to avoid injury,

58
Q

Chestnuts

A

Horn like growths on the medial sides of horses limbs

59
Q

Ergot

A

Small projects if conified epithelium at the rear of the fetlock of horses

ANSC 2360 - Livsk A&P (11 decks)

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