Chapter 08 Water & Fluid Balance Flashcards
Does the mineral content differ between intracellular and extracelluar fluids?
Intracellular- higher in potassium and magnesium
Extracellular - higher in sodium and chloride
How much of the human body is composed of water? What major compartments is it divided into?
Body is 60%,
Intracelluar
Extracellular
List and briefly describe the six functions that water has in the body.
Growth- important in synthesis of proteins, glycogen, and other macromolecules.
Catalyst - serves as medium for mx reactions, serves as catalyst
Lubricant - lubricates joints, shock absorber for eyes and spinal cord, surrounds fetus
Temperature regulator - sweat
Mineral source - found in drinking water
Solvent and transporter
Does the water content of foods differ? Explain?
Highest percentage - fruits and veggies, then wet carbs like cooked whole grains and legumes.
High in fat has low water content
What main factors can influence how much we need to drink?
Climate, physical activity, how much we have sweated, body size, etc.
In what ways can you estimate water needs for clients?
By metabolic rate - for every 100kcal, 80-110 ml of water
By bodyweight - for every kg, 30-40 ml
3 liters a day, food 1 liter, drink 2 liters
What are the various components of water loss from the human body?
Insensible - via expired air in respiration, evaporation from skin
Sweating
Feces and urine
Water loss can lead to changes in the body. List
And describe the different levels of water loss and potential outcomes.
Performance impairment, headache, fatigue, low blood pressure, dizziness, fainting, nausea, thirst, flushing, rapid heart rate, constipation
What is the difference between dehydration and hyponatremia?
Dehydration, water losses exceeds intake, (too little water relative to other solutes)
Hyponatremia- too much water relative to sodium content.
How can dehydration and hyponatremia be prevented?
During exercise, drink before your are thirsty but not too much
List and describe the two primary hormones that regulate body water and electrolyte balance.
ADH and aldosterone
What is the relationship between storing glycogen and body water?
Carb storage increases water storage.
High protein, fluid loss
How does sodium intake related to water balance?
More salt higher blood osmolarity, the osmoreceptors stimulate thirst. ADH reduces fluid out put of the kidneys.
Why are electrolytes important for body water balance?
Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium
Describe the relationship between rehydration solution concentration and the speed of gastric emptying?
Anything over 10% concentration can hinder absorption.
