Chapter 05 Aerobic & Anaerobic Metabolism Flashcards
If someone begins to run as fast as possible, describe what occurs in respect to energy use and the energy systems.
- Within 3 seconds, muscle cells would use up most of the available ATP.
- ATP-PCr kicks in for about 10 sec.
- Glycolic systems provides for 90-120 seconds or so depending upon the intensity. You have to slow down.
- Oxidative systems now makes ATP, but you will be at slower pace.
Why does metabolic decline generally occur with advancing age?
Muscle loss
With an inadequate intake of dietary protein and fat, how are the anabolic and catabolic hormones influenced?
The ratio of these hormones can be compromised which leads to inability to build/preserve muscle mass.
What role to T-tubules play in muscle contraction?
Tubes that extend transversely across the sarcoplasm. They are formed by inward extensions of the sarcolemma and allow nurse impulses to travel along the sarcolemma, inside the cell. This initiatives muscle contraction.
Why would muscle cells have numerous mitochondria?
Mitochondria is where ATP is formed. Muscles need a lot of energy to move us.
How does oxygen consumption change with exercise intensity?
The more intense the exercise, the more muscles utilized, the more oxygen is consumed. More energy is expended.
What is MET? How could it be useful to you and your clients?
Metabolic equivalent
Oxygen cost of energy expenditure measured at rest, equal to 3.5ml of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute.
By multiplying the MET intensity by body weight in kg you can calculate energy expenditure per hour of exercise.
What is the purpose of EPOC and why does it occur?
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
Metabolize additional nutrients
Replenish energy stores
Reload the depleted oxygen stores in muscle and blood
Do the three energy systems work alone? How are they activated?
All three are activated, however, the extent and amount to activation is defines if activity is anaerobic or aerobic
ATP-PCr and Glycolytic pathway mostly anaerobic.
During a 200-400 meter run, which energy system would be dominant and why?
Glycolytic- 10 sec to 2 min.
What is the anaerobic threshold?
When the blood lactate levels reach a point where the body cannot remove lactate at the same rate it’s being released then the anaerobic threshold is reached.
Where does oxidative energy transfer take place? What substrates does it utilize?
Exercise high intensity after 2 minutes.
Takes place in mitochondria and uses a combo of muscle glycogen, fatty acids, and amino acids. ( glucose to pyruvate, fatty acids to acetyl-coA.
Why would capillarization occur in response to high levels of aerobic training?
Aerobic exercise can increase the number and size of blood vessels through increased capillarization. Lengthened border between blood vessels and muscle fibers allows for enhanced delivery of oxygen to muscle cells, removal of CO2 and waste products and transfer of heat away from the muscle.
Aerobic training increases blood volume by increasing red blood cell content and oxygen carry capacity.
What role does insulin play in protein synthesis? How could this be maximized via nutrition?
Insulin encourages the stimulation of protein synthesis and positive nitrogen balance.
Does fat become more easily mobilized, transported and used with chronic exercise? Why or why not?
Fats more easily broken down and transported. Aerobic exercise burns fats.
