Chaptah Three Flashcards
What are the three types of government?
Unitary, federal, and confederal.
What are the components of a unitary government?
Power is centralized, states derive power from federal government, federal government has final call, federal government can abolish local governments. (U.K, Italy, France)
What are the components of a federal government?
Power is divided between states and federal, both federal and constituent government act upon citizens, both governments must approve constitutional change. (U.S, Canada, Belgium)
What are the components of a confederal system?
Power is held by independent states, central government is creature of constituent states, states hold the power. (U.S Art. of Confed)
What are the good effects of federalism?
Each state is laboratory of democracy, gives political flexibility to states.
What the bad effects of federalism?
Can perpetuate racism, states racing to the bottom(states competing then getting bad deal), confusion over who’s in charge of something.
What is the necessary and proper clause?
Congress has authority to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying to execution its enumerated powers, congress has flexibility to act in a variety of ways.
What was the McCulloch v. Maryland about?
Could congress charter a national bank (yes) and could states tax this bank (no).
What is the supremacy clause?
In a dispute between a state and national government, the national government MUST win.
What was the US v. Lopez case?
Could guns be in school zones (could not justify with commerce clause).
What are federal state relations?
National government gives money to states, which plays large role in states’ budgets.
What is Intergovernmental lobby?
States and local governments are very dependent on federal funds.
What are block grants?
Grants given to states with fewer restrictions.
What are categorical grants?
Grants given to states with specific purposes like food stamps.
What are federal mandates?
Federal laws states must abide by, clean water act, Americans with disabilities act, hard for state and local government to pay for.
What is the real ID act?
National ID system thru state drivers licenses and ID’s, many states opposed, question over whether passport needed at TSA.
What are the conditions and aid?
The government may require a state to comply in enforcing a law to receive funding for something.
What are civil rights and how are they applied in the US?
Treating groups of people equally, okay to treat people differently under the law meaning differences in treatment must be reasonable.
What organization has fought for black civil rights and how did they fare in voting?
NAACP fought the battle for black civil rights through the courts, blacks had little clout in voting, blacks couldn’t influence public opinion.
Plessy v Ferguson (1896)
Louisiana had a law requiring blacks and whites to ride in different train cars, Supreme court upheld the law, “separate but equal,” Jim Crow laws.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Separate but not equal, black children had the right to attend formerly all-white schools, sense of inferiority, unanimous decision, schools need desegregation plans that would be overseen by local federal district courts.
What are the two types of segregation?
De jure (segregation by law, unconstitutional), de facto (based on living patterns like having people must be the same race in a neighborhood, unconstitutional)
What caused civil rights to change in the 1960’s?
1960’s public opinion changing, Rosa Parks, resistance in congress (1964 civil rights act).
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
Supreme court ends ban on interracial marriage.
What is an example of racial profiling?
“Driving while black” (rates change after dark, searches unequal).
What is Institutional racism?
Racism caused by organizations and rules of society (not individuals), exists everywhere in society.
