Chaptah Three

Question 1

What are the three types of government?

Answer 1

Unitary, federal, and confederal.

Question 2

What are the components of a unitary government?

Answer 2

Power is centralized, states derive power from federal government, federal government has final call, federal government can abolish local governments. (U.K, Italy, France)

Question 3

What are the components of a federal government?

Answer 3

Power is divided between states and federal, both federal and constituent government act upon citizens, both governments must approve constitutional change. (U.S, Canada, Belgium)

Question 4

What are the components of a confederal system?

Answer 4

Power is held by independent states, central government is creature of constituent states, states hold the power. (U.S Art. of Confed)

Question 5

What are the good effects of federalism?

Answer 5

Each state is laboratory of democracy, gives political flexibility to states.

Question 6

What the bad effects of federalism?

Answer 6

Can perpetuate racism, states racing to the bottom(states competing then getting bad deal), confusion over who’s in charge of something.

Question 7

What is the necessary and proper clause?

Answer 7

Congress has authority to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying to execution its enumerated powers, congress has flexibility to act in a variety of ways.

Question 8

What was the McCulloch v. Maryland about?

Answer 8

Could congress charter a national bank (yes) and could states tax this bank (no).

Question 9

What is the supremacy clause?

Answer 9

In a dispute between a state and national government, the national government MUST win.

Question 10

What was the US v. Lopez case?

Answer 10

Could guns be in school zones (could not justify with commerce clause).

Question 11

What are federal state relations?

Answer 11

National government gives money to states, which plays large role in states’ budgets.

Question 12

What is Intergovernmental lobby?

Answer 12

States and local governments are very dependent on federal funds.

Question 13

What are block grants?

Answer 13

Grants given to states with fewer restrictions.

Question 14

What are categorical grants?

Answer 14

Grants given to states with specific purposes like food stamps.

Question 15

What are federal mandates?

Answer 15

Federal laws states must abide by, clean water act, Americans with disabilities act, hard for state and local government to pay for.

Question 16

What is the real ID act?

Answer 16

National ID system thru state drivers licenses and ID’s, many states opposed, question over whether passport needed at TSA.

Question 17

What are the conditions and aid?

Answer 17

The government may require a state to comply in enforcing a law to receive funding for something.

Question 18

What are civil rights and how are they applied in the US?

Answer 18

Treating groups of people equally, okay to treat people differently under the law meaning differences in treatment must be reasonable.

Question 19

What organization has fought for black civil rights and how did they fare in voting?

Answer 19

NAACP fought the battle for black civil rights through the courts, blacks had little clout in voting, blacks couldn’t influence public opinion.

Question 20

Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

Answer 20

Louisiana had a law requiring blacks and whites to ride in different train cars, Supreme court upheld the law, “separate but equal,” Jim Crow laws.

Question 21

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Answer 21

Separate but not equal, black children had the right to attend formerly all-white schools, sense of inferiority, unanimous decision, schools need desegregation plans that would be overseen by local federal district courts.

Question 22

What are the two types of segregation?

Answer 22

De jure (segregation by law, unconstitutional), de facto (based on living patterns like having people must be the same race in a neighborhood, unconstitutional)

Question 23

What caused civil rights to change in the 1960’s?

Answer 23

1960’s public opinion changing, Rosa Parks, resistance in congress (1964 civil rights act).

Question 24

Loving v. Virginia (1967)

Answer 24

Supreme court ends ban on interracial marriage.

Question 25

What is an example of racial profiling?

Answer 25

“Driving while black” (rates change after dark, searches unequal).

Question 26

What is Institutional racism?

Answer 26

Racism caused by organizations and rules of society (not individuals), exists everywhere in society.