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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Chapt 17 The Special Senses > Flashcards

Chapt 17 The Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Is the sense of smell

A

Olfaction

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2
Q

Are located in olfactory organs in the nasal cavities

A

Olfactory receptors

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3
Q

Each olfactory organ consists of olfactory epithelium with __________

A

Olfactory bowman glands

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4
Q

Covers the cribiform form plate and the roof of the nasal cavities

A

Olfactory epithelium

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5
Q

The olfactory epithelium contain _______ that can divide by mitosis and differentiate into support cells and then olfactory receptors, replacing old, dying receptor cells.

A

basal cells (stem cells)

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6
Q

Is the oldest sense to evolve and is present in some form in some of the most primitive living organisms

A

Olfaction

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7
Q

Olfaction is so important that our ____ has a surface area near that of the entire skin

A

Olfactory epithelium

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8
Q

These glands secrete mucus to protect the epithelium

A

Bowman’s glands

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9
Q

Olfactory transduction

A
  1. Ordarant dissolve through olfactory mucus and bind to ordarant protein
  2. Activate ordorant binding protein can activate 1000 ADC
  3. Each ADC can convert ATP to CAMP
  4. Camp binds to ion channel and set off action potential
  5. This creates a signal in olfactory nerve
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10
Q

Located in membrane of a receptor cell

They are integral membrane proteins

A

Ordarant binding protein

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11
Q

ADC turns aTP into

A

Camp

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12
Q

Inbetween cribiform plate and the olfactory epithelium

A

Lamina propia

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13
Q

Functions of olfactory mucus

A

Protects tissue from drying out

Trap and wash away debris

Traps and dissolves ordorants

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14
Q

Olfactory epithelium contains

A

Olfactory receptors cells
Goblet cells
Basal cells
Support cells
Cilia

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15
Q

Located in membrane of the receptor

A

Ordorant binding protein

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16
Q

What is the advantage to having this complex signal pathway ?

A

It amplifies the signal 1 ordorant to 1 million channels to open

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17
Q

Why does the olfactory pathway cause emotional responses to ordorants

A

It is tied to the limbic system

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18
Q

How is olfactory sensitivity affected by age

A

As we age our sense of smell declines

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19
Q

Is the sense of taste and involves receptor organs called taste buds

A

Gustation

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20
Q

These taste buds are located within the bumps on the surface of the tongue called

A

Papillae

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21
Q

A _______ contains gustatory receptor cells that detect chemicals from the external environment

A

Taste bud

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22
Q

The sense of _____ is approximately 1000x more sensitive when linked with the sense of olfaction

A

Taste

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23
Q

The ______ innervates the touch and taste sensations of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and the ________ carries sensations from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Facial nerve cranial nerve VII

Glossopharyngeal cranial nerve lX

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24
Q

Zero taste buds

Detects textures

A

Filiform papillae

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25
Q

Few taste buds

Least sensitivity

A

Fungiform papillae

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26
Q

Most papillae

Most sensitivity

A

Circumvallate papillae

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27
Q

4 major taste sensations

A

Sweet (sugars)

Salt ( salt /ions )

Sour (sour)

Bitter (acids)

Peppery
h2o
Umami

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28
Q

Proteins where gustatory molecules will bind

A

Gustatory binding proteins

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29
Q

Detects presence of sugars

A

Sweet

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30
Q

Presence of ions

A

Salts

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31
Q

Presence of sour things

A

Sour

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32
Q

Detects presence of acids

A

Bitter

33
Q

Cranial nerve in front of tongue

Cranial nerve in the back of tongue

A

Cranial nerve 7 facial nerve

Cranial nerve 9 glossopharnygeal

34
Q

Enzyme in tears mucus and saliva that have anti microbial properties

A

Lysozyme

35
Q

Red bump on eye lid forms when an oil gland becomes blocked

A

Chalazion

36
Q

Bacterial infection involving one or more of the small glands near the base of eye lashes

A

Sty

37
Q

Can breakdown and digest waste

A

Lysozyme

38
Q

Ocular conjunctiva folds to the back of the eyelid

A

Palpebral conjuctiva

39
Q

Prevents debris from getting behind the eye/ touching the eyeball

A

Ocular conjcutiva

40
Q

Pink eye irritation to the surface of the eye

A

Conjunctivitis

41
Q

Is conjunctivitis contagious

A

Only when with the presence of microbes and pathogens

42
Q

Dense connective tissue/ shape and support/ light reflected back out

White of the eye

Strong point of attachment for extraocular muscles.

A

Sclera

43
Q

Translucent/ allows photons of light to enter the front of eye

A

Cornea

44
Q

Fibrous tunic

A

Sclera
Cornea

45
Q

Vascular tunic

A

Choroid coat

Ciliary body

Iris

46
Q

Blood vessels/ blood flow into the eye to supply nutrients; o2, ions, and removes waste/ back out the eye

A

Choroid coat

47
Q

What is the Ciliary body ?

A

Ciliary muscle controls the lens for accommodation (focusing)

Suspended ligaments = suspend the lens for accommodation

Lens change shape to focus on different distances

48
Q

Change shape to focus light from different distances

A

Lens

49
Q

Is made out of elastic fibers allow ____ to change shape

A

Lens

50
Q

Pigmented of vascular tunic; Is a muscular structure that controls the amount of light entering the posterior cavity

A

Iris muscle

51
Q

Increase the size of pupil (radial muscle) pull away from pupil
Does this under certain conditions: dark room/sympathetic stimulation

A

Pupillary dilator

52
Q

Anular/sphincter lies posterior to the dilator muscle decrease the size of pupil in brightness or under parasympathetic control

A

Papillary constrictor

53
Q

List the structures in order, through which the aqueous humor would flow after being secreted by the ciliary body

A
  1. Secreted at the ciliary muscle
  2. Flows through posterior chamber
  3. Thru the pupil
  4. Flows in anterior chamber
  5. Reabsorbed @canal of Schlemm
54
Q

How does the intraoculuar pressure remain constant

A

Constantly secrete and reabsorbed the aqueous humor at the same rate.
This provides a constant fluid pressure we call ICP
ICP maintains the shape of eye, holds the retina in place.

55
Q

Increase in intraocular pressure/ debris in the canal of schlemm

A

Glaucoma

56
Q

Hairlike papillae and they are located near the tip of the tongue; slender and narrow.

A

Filiform papillae

57
Q

Located in the back of the tongue

A

Circumvallate papillae

58
Q

The front of the tongue has the highest concentration of

A

Sweet receptors

59
Q

On the sides of the tongue have the highest concentration of

A

Salt receptors

60
Q

The _____ receptors of the tongue are located after the salt receptors

A

Sour receptors

61
Q

Detect the presence of protein (amino acid glutamate)

A

Umami

located in the back of tongue

62
Q

Located at the very back of the tongue

A

H20

63
Q

Protein called _________ really likes to bind to sweet receptors

A

Capsaicin

64
Q

where the sclera and cornea meet

A

Limbus

65
Q

Is called the tear gland

A

Lacrimal gland

66
Q

One of the functions of tears is

A

Keep the eyes moist

Wash away debris

Contain an enzyme called lysozyme

67
Q

Opening in the eye lids, tears are gonna run over the eyeball and drain into the

A

Lacrimal punctum

68
Q

List the order of the structures through which tears would flow once secreted from lacrimal gland

A
  1. Lacrimal gland
  2. Lacrimal ducts
  3. Lacrimal punctum
  4. Lacrimal canal
  5. Lacrimal sac
  6. Nasal lacrimal duct

Then reabsorbed into nasal passages

69
Q

A very thin layer membrane that coats the visible outer surface of the eye, it’s a simple layer of squamous epithelium

A

Ocular conjunctiva

70
Q

3 tunics of the eye

A

Fibrous tunic = dense CT

Vascular tunic = blood vessels

Neural tunic = layer with the neurons

71
Q

Suspend lens

A

Suspended ligaments

72
Q

The eye has two spaces: it includes the space between the Iris and the ciliary body and the space between the Iris and the cornea and are connected through the pupil

A

Anterior cavity

73
Q

Everything behind the ciliary body

A

Posterior cavity

74
Q

The area between the cornea and the Iris is callled

A

Anterior chamber

75
Q

The area between the Iris and the ciliary body is called

A

Posterior chamber of the anterior cavity

76
Q

The posterior cavity is sometimes called

It is filled with vitreous humor

A

Vitreous cavity

77
Q

The fluid that fills the the anterior cavity

The fluid that fills the posterior cavity

A

Aqueous humor

Vitreous humor

78
Q

What are lens fibers and crystallins ?

A
  1. Are the special type of cells that make up the lens (elasticity) (lens)
  2. Are proteins that fill those cells that fill that light (crystallins)
79
Q

Have neuronal replacement

A

Gustation and olfaction

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (12 decks)

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