Chapt 17 The Special Senses Flashcards by fermin chapa

Is the sense of smell

Olfaction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Are located in olfactory organs in the nasal cavities

Olfactory receptors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Each olfactory organ consists of olfactory epithelium with __________

Olfactory bowman glands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Covers the cribiform form plate and the roof of the nasal cavities

Olfactory epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The olfactory epithelium contain _______ that can divide by mitosis and differentiate into support cells and then olfactory receptors, replacing old, dying receptor cells.

basal cells (stem cells)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is the oldest sense to evolve and is present in some form in some of the most primitive living organisms

Olfaction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Olfaction is so important that our ____ has a surface area near that of the entire skin

Olfactory epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These glands secrete mucus to protect the epithelium

Bowman’s glands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Olfactory transduction

Ordarant dissolve through olfactory mucus and bind to ordarant protein
Activate ordorant binding protein can activate 1000 ADC
Each ADC can convert ATP to CAMP
Camp binds to ion channel and set off action potential
This creates a signal in olfactory nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Located in membrane of a receptor cell

They are integral membrane proteins

Ordarant binding protein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ADC turns aTP into

Camp

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inbetween cribiform plate and the olfactory epithelium

Lamina propia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Functions of olfactory mucus

Protects tissue from drying out

Trap and wash away debris

Traps and dissolves ordorants

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Olfactory epithelium contains

Olfactory receptors cells
Goblet cells
Basal cells
Support cells
Cilia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Located in membrane of the receptor

Ordorant binding protein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the advantage to having this complex signal pathway ?

It amplifies the signal 1 ordorant to 1 million channels to open

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why does the olfactory pathway cause emotional responses to ordorants

It is tied to the limbic system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is olfactory sensitivity affected by age

As we age our sense of smell declines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is the sense of taste and involves receptor organs called taste buds

Gustation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These taste buds are located within the bumps on the surface of the tongue called

Papillae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A _______ contains gustatory receptor cells that detect chemicals from the external environment

Taste bud

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The sense of _____ is approximately 1000x more sensitive when linked with the sense of olfaction

Taste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The ______ innervates the touch and taste sensations of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and the ________ carries sensations from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Facial nerve cranial nerve VII

Glossopharyngeal cranial nerve lX

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Zero taste buds

Detects textures

Filiform papillae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Few taste buds Least sensitivity

Fungiform papillae

Most papillae Most sensitivity

Circumvallate papillae

4 major taste sensations

Sweet (sugars) Salt ( salt /ions ) Sour (sour) Bitter (acids) Peppery h2o Umami

Proteins where gustatory molecules will bind

Gustatory binding proteins

Detects presence of sugars

Sweet

Presence of ions

Salts

Presence of sour things

Sour

Detects presence of acids

Bitter

Cranial nerve in front of tongue Cranial nerve in the back of tongue

Cranial nerve 7 facial nerve Cranial nerve 9 glossopharnygeal

Enzyme in tears mucus and saliva that have anti microbial properties

Lysozyme

Red bump on eye lid forms when an oil gland becomes blocked

Chalazion

Bacterial infection involving one or more of the small glands near the base of eye lashes

Sty

Can breakdown and digest waste

Lysozyme

Ocular conjunctiva folds to the back of the eyelid

Palpebral conjuctiva

Prevents debris from getting behind the eye/ touching the eyeball

Ocular conjcutiva

Pink eye irritation to the surface of the eye

Conjunctivitis

Is conjunctivitis contagious

Only when with the presence of microbes and pathogens

Dense connective tissue/ shape and support/ light reflected back out White of the eye Strong point of attachment for extraocular muscles.

Sclera

Translucent/ allows photons of light to enter the front of eye

Cornea

Fibrous tunic

Sclera Cornea

Vascular tunic

Choroid coat Ciliary body Iris

Blood vessels/ blood flow into the eye to supply nutrients; o2, ions, and removes waste/ back out the eye

Choroid coat

What is the Ciliary body ?

Ciliary muscle controls the lens for accommodation (focusing) Suspended ligaments = suspend the lens for accommodation Lens change shape to focus on different distances

Change shape to focus light from different distances

Lens

Is made out of elastic fibers allow ____ to change shape

Lens

Pigmented of vascular tunic; Is a muscular structure that controls the amount of light entering the posterior cavity

Iris muscle

Increase the size of pupil (radial muscle) pull away from pupil Does this under certain conditions: dark room/sympathetic stimulation

Pupillary dilator

Anular/sphincter lies posterior to the dilator muscle decrease the size of pupil in brightness or under parasympathetic control

Papillary constrictor

List the structures in order, through which the aqueous humor would flow after being secreted by the ciliary body

1. Secreted at the ciliary muscle 2. Flows through posterior chamber 3. Thru the pupil 4. Flows in anterior chamber 5. Reabsorbed @canal of Schlemm

How does the intraoculuar pressure remain constant

Constantly secrete and reabsorbed the aqueous humor at the same rate. This provides a constant fluid pressure we call ICP ICP maintains the shape of eye, holds the retina in place.

Increase in intraocular pressure/ debris in the canal of schlemm

Glaucoma

Hairlike papillae and they are located near the tip of the tongue; slender and narrow.

Filiform papillae

Located in the back of the tongue

Circumvallate papillae

The front of the tongue has the highest concentration of

Sweet receptors

On the sides of the tongue have the highest concentration of

Salt receptors

The _____ receptors of the tongue are located after the salt receptors

Sour receptors

Detect the presence of protein (amino acid glutamate)

Umami located in the back of tongue

Located at the very back of the tongue

H20

Protein called _________ really likes to bind to sweet receptors

Capsaicin

where the sclera and cornea meet

Limbus

Is called the tear gland

Lacrimal gland

One of the functions of tears is

Keep the eyes moist Wash away debris Contain an enzyme called lysozyme

Opening in the eye lids, tears are gonna run over the eyeball and drain into the

Lacrimal punctum

List the order of the structures through which tears would flow once secreted from lacrimal gland

1. Lacrimal gland 2. Lacrimal ducts 3. Lacrimal punctum 4. Lacrimal canal 5. Lacrimal sac 6. Nasal lacrimal duct Then reabsorbed into nasal passages

A very thin layer membrane that coats the visible outer surface of the eye, it’s a simple layer of squamous epithelium

Ocular conjunctiva

3 tunics of the eye

Fibrous tunic = dense CT Vascular tunic = blood vessels Neural tunic = layer with the neurons

Suspend lens

Suspended ligaments

The eye has two spaces: it includes the space between the Iris and the ciliary body and the space between the Iris and the cornea and are connected through the pupil

Anterior cavity

Everything behind the ciliary body

Posterior cavity

The area between the cornea and the Iris is callled

Anterior chamber

The area between the Iris and the ciliary body is called

Posterior chamber of the anterior cavity

The posterior cavity is sometimes called It is filled with vitreous humor

Vitreous cavity

The fluid that fills the the anterior cavity The fluid that fills the posterior cavity

Aqueous humor Vitreous humor

What are lens fibers and crystallins ?

1. Are the special type of cells that make up the lens (elasticity) (lens) 2. Are proteins that fill those cells that fill that light (crystallins)

Have neuronal replacement

Gustation and olfaction