chaps 11-14 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is attraction?

A

Anything that draws two or more people together, making them want to possibly engage in long lasting relationship

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2
Q

What is social acceptance?

A

A situation in whcih other peoplehave come to like, respectyou approve of you, and include you in their groups or relationships.

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3
Q

What is rejection?

A

Being prevented by pothers from formingor keepinga social bondwith the; the oppiste of acceptance

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4
Q

What is the need to beloing?

A

The desire to form close lasting relationships with others

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5
Q

What ius Ingratiatin?

A

What people actively do to try and gewt someone to like them

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6
Q

What is self monitoring?

A

Thje ability to change one’s behavior in different situations

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7
Q

What is matching hypothesis?

A

The proposition that otherstend to pair up with others tht are equally attracgtive

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8
Q

`What is reinforcement theory?

A

The proposigtion that people and animals will perform behaviors that have been rewarded more than they will peerform other behaviors

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9
Q

/What is propiquinty

A

Being near someone oin a regualr basis

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10
Q

What is social allergy effet?

A

The idea that a partners annoying habits become more anoying overtime

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11
Q

What is the What is beautiful is good effect

A

Basically the halo effect, physical atteaxctiveness transfers make those seem superior in other categories

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12
Q

What is ostracism?

A

Beingf excluded rejected and ignored by others

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13
Q

What is rejection sensitivity?

A

A tendency to expect rejection from others and to become hypersensative to possiblerejection

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14
Q

What is loneliness?

A

The painful feeling of wanting more human contact than you have

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15
Q

What is the bad apple effect?

A

The idea that one person who breaks the rules can insire others to break the rules as well

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16
Q

What is unrequited love?

A

A situation where one persons loves another but it is not reciprical

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17
Q

What is stalking?

A

Persisting in romantic behaviors that frighten and harass the rejector

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18
Q

What is Passionate love?

A

Stong feelings of longing desire and excitement toward ba special person

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19
Q

What is companionate love?

A

Mutual understanding and caring to make relationship succeed

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20
Q

What is passion?

A

An emotional state charecterized by high bodily arrousal such as increased heart rate and vblood preassure

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21
Q

What is intamacy

A

A feeling of closeness, mutual understanding, and mutual concern for each others welfare and happiness

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22
Q

Whatis commitment?

A

A conscious decision that remains constant

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23
Q

What are exchange relationships?

A

Based on reciprocity nsd fairness in which people expect something in return

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24
Q

What are communal relationships?

A

Relationships based on mutal love and concern, w/o expectation of repayment

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25
Q

What is attachement theory?

A

A theory that classifies people into four attachment styles based on two dimenssions

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26
Q

In relation to attachment theory what are the four main attachment styles

A

Secure, preoccupied, dismmissing and avoidant

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27
Q

What are the two dimnssions?

A

Anxiety and avoidant

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28
Q

What is secure attachment?

A

people are low on anxietyand avoidanc; trust partners, share feelings; enjoy relqationships

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29
Q

What are Preoccupied attachments?

A

People are low on avoidance but high in anxiety- what to enjoy closeness nbut worry thewir partners will leave them

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30
Q

What are Dissmissing avoidant attachments?

A

People are low on anxiety but high on avoidance, ted to view partners as unreliabnle, unavaliable and uncaring

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31
Q

What are fearful avoidant attachments?

A

People have high anxiety and avoidance- tend to have low opinions of themselves and avoid others or keep them from getting close

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32
Q

What is the investment model?

A

Theory that uses three factors, satisfactyion, investment, and alrternatives to asseswhy people stay or leave

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33
Q

What is relationship enhancing styles of attribution?``

A

Tendency of hapoy couples t attributetheir partnersgood acts to internal factors and bad acts to external factors

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34
Q

What is distress maintaining style of attribution?

A

Tendency of unhappy cuples to attribute their partners good actsto external factors and bad acts to internal factors

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35
Q

What is the social constuctionist theory of sexuality?

A

Attitudes, behaviors, sexual desire, and sexual behavior are strongly shaoped by culture ad socilizarion

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36
Q

What is evoilutionary thery?

A

Sex drive has been shaped by natural selection and that its forms thus tend to be innate

37
Q

What is social exchange theory

A

Seeks t analyze cost and benefits of interacting with eacho other to understand social behavior

38
Q

What is the coolidge effect?

A

Theory that posits you are more aroused with a new partner than familiar one

39
Q

What is erotic plasticity?

A

`The degree to which the sex drive can be shaped and altered by social, cultural, and situational forces

40
Q

What is extradydac sex?

A

HGaving sex wth someone other than one’s regualr relationship partner

41
Q

What is social reality?

A

Beliefs held in common by several or many peopl;e; public awareness

42
Q

What isPaternity uncertanty?

A

Some folks cannot be sure if the child is theres

43
Q

What is double standard?

A

Cindemiing women more than men for same sexual behavior

44
Q

What is prejudice?

A

A negative feelingtoward an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group

45
Q

Whatg is racism?

A

Prejudiced attitudes toward a articular race + power in society

46
Q

`What is aversive racism?

A

Simultaneously holding egalitartian values and negative feelings toward people of other races

47
Q

What is discirmination?

A

Harmful acts of violence physical por emptional directed at other groups based on an individuals antagonism towards that group

48
Q

Whart are stereotypes?

A

Beliefs that associate groups of people with certain traits

49
Q

Whar are subtypes

A

excptions to a stereotype that are used as mechanisms to justifty sterotypes legitamacy

50
Q

What is categorixzation

A

Naural tendency for hmans to sort things into groups- cog misers

51
Q

What is social categorization?

A

Process of sorting people into groups based on charecteristics

52
Q

What are outgroup membrs?

A

People who belong to different group or category than we do

53
Q

What are in group members

A

people who belong to same group as us

54
Q

What is outgroup homogenity bias

A

Assumption that outgeroup memebers are more similar than ingroup members

55
Q

What is stigma by association?

A

Rejectionof thoise who accociate with stigmatized other

56
Q

What is homophobia

A

excessdive hatred of those who ascrbe themselves as homosexual

57
Q

What are stigmas?

A

Charectyeristics of individualsthat are cinsidered socially unacceptable

58
Q

What is in group favoritism?

A

preferential treatment of ingroup members

59
Q

What is miniaml group effect?

A

People show favoritism to in group members eeven when it is randomly determined

60
Q

What are superordinate goals?

A

Goals that are achieved by cordinating and working with others

61
Q

What is realistic conflict theory?

A

We are in constant competition for resources

62
Q

What is competition?

A

Situation where people can obtain their goals only if others do not

63
Q

What is cooperation?

A

Situation in which people must work together wih others to help achieve goals

64
Q

What is the discontinuity effect?

A

The finding that groups are more extreme and often more hostile than individuals

65
Q

What is contact hypothesis?

A

The idea that regular interaction between members of different gorups reduces prejudice providing that it occurs under favorable conditions

66
Q

What is salience?

A

Being obvious or staning out?

67
Q

What is scapegoat theory?

A

The idea hat blaming problems and misfortunes on outgroups contributes to negative attitudes towardss these outgroups

68
Q

What is self serving bias

A

People take creit for sucess nut refuse blame for problems

69
Q

What is confirmation bias?

A

Focusing more on evidence that reaffirms ones worldview

70
Q

What ois sewlf fufiling prophecy?

A

A preduction that ensures, or causes - by behavior- smething to cme true

71
Q

WHAT IS SELF DEFATING PROPHECY?

A

A predictionn by behavior it generares that it will not come true

72
Q

What is sterotype threat?

A

The fear that one myight confirm stereotypes others hold

73
Q

What is a group?

A

A collection of at least two people who are doing something together

74
Q

What is deindividuatin?

A

The loss of self awareness and individuals accountability in a group

75
Q

What is evaluation apprehension?

A

Concern about how others are judging you an or your performance

76
Q

What is dominant response?

A

Most common reaction to given sitution

77
Q

What is social facilia=tation theoryu?

A

Presence of others increases doinant response tendency

78
Q

What is social loafing?

A

FInding that people reduce effort ewhen working in a group

79
Q

What is the bad apple effect?

A

One social loafer can cause others to social loaf as ell

80
Q

What is altruistic punishment?

A

People will sometimes sacrafice own gain for greater good

81
Q

Whagt is the commons dillema?

A

Shared or jjointly owned resourcesto be squandered and not used in an optimal or adventateous fashion

82
Q

What os brainstroming?

A

Creative thinking in groups

83
Q

What is a transactive memory ?

A

A process which members of a small group remenber different kinds of info

84
Q

What is group hink

A

Tendency of group members to think alike

85
Q

What is self censorship?

A

Choosing not to express doubts or other information that goes against a groups pans and views

86
Q

What is a risky shift ?

A

A tendency for groups to take greater risks thsan the same individuals would have decided to take individually

87
Q

What is group polarization effect?

A

A shift towards a more extreme position resulting from groupo discussin

88
Q

Wht are ;egitamitizing myths?

A

Explinations used to justify why people in m power deserve to be i power