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Psych 321: Social Psych > Chap 6-10 > Flashcards

Chap 6-10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is emotion?

A

A conscious evaluative reaction that is clearly linked to some event

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2
Q

Whag is Mood?

A

a feeling state that is not clearly linked to some event

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3
Q

What is affect?

A

The automatic response that something is good or bad

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4
Q

What is conscious emotion?

A

A powerful. and clearly unified feeling state, such as anger and joy

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5
Q

What is automatic effect

A

A quick response of liking or disliking toward something

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6
Q

What is arousal?

A

a physilogcal reaction including faster heartbeat or heavier breathing, linked to ost conscious emotions

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7
Q

What is James-Langes theory of emotion?

A

The propositions that the bodfiliy process of emotion come first and the mind’s perception of these bodily reactions then creates the subjective feeling of emtion

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8
Q

What hypothesisdid the JAmes- langes theory come up with/?

A

Facial feedbaxck hypothesis

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9
Q

What is the facial feedbacl hypothesis?

A

The idea that feedback from the face muscles evokes or magnifies emotions because the brain reacts to what they muscles are doing

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10
Q

Schachter singer theory of emotion?

A

The idea that emotion has two components.

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11
Q

What are the two components of emotion in schachter-singers theory?

A

A bodily state of arousal and a cognitive label that specifies the emotion

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12
Q

What is excitation transfer?

A

The idea that arousal from one event can transfer to a later event

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13
Q

What is sex guilt ?

A

feelingguilty about sexual thoughts, acts or fanatsies

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14
Q

What is affect balance?

A

The frequency of positive empotions minus the frequency of negartive emotions

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15
Q

What is Life satisfaction?

A

An evaluation of how one;s life is generally and how it compares to some standard

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16
Q

What is a hedonic treadmil?

A

A theory proposing that people stay at about the same lebel of happiness regardless of what hapens to them

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17
Q

What is Eodiversity?

A

Degree to which a person experiences the variety and relative abundance of human emotions

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18
Q

What is anger?

A

An emotional response to a real or imagend threat or provocation

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19
Q

What Catharsis theory?

A

The propisition that expressing negative emotions produces a healthy relsease of thse emotionbs and is therefore good for the psyche

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20
Q

What is Guilt?

A

An unplesant moral empotion associated with a sopecific instance in which ine has acted badly wrongly

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21
Q

What is shame?

A

A moral emotion thatg like guilt , invlves feeling bad, but unlike guilt spreads to the whole perdson

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22
Q

What is surviours guilt?

A

An unplesant emtion associated with living theough an experience during which other people died

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23
Q

What is Disgust?

A

A strong negative feeling of repugnance and revulsion

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24
Q

What is affect as information as information hypothesis?

A

The idea that people judge soething as good or bad by asking themselves “how do i feel about it?

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25
Q

What is affect forecasting?

A

The ability to predict one’s emotional reactions to future events

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26
Q

What is the risk as feeling hypothesis?

A

The idea that people rely on emotional processes to evluate risk with the result that their judgement may be biased by emotinal factors

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27
Q

What does the broaden and build theory state?

A

the proposition that positive emotions expand an individuals attention and mind set and promote increasing one’s resources

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28
Q

What is emotional intelligence?

A

The ability to perceive access and generate understand and reflectively regulate emotions

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29
Q

What is the dark triad of personality?

A

Consists of narcissism psychopathy and machavelinism?

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30
Q

What is the Yerkes-Dodson law?

A

The proposition that some arousal is better than none but too much can hurt performance

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31
Q

What are belifs?

A

Pieces of information about something; facts or opinions`

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32
Q

What are attitudes?

A

Global evaluations toward some object or issue

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33
Q

What are dual attitudes? D

A

Different evaluations of the same attitude object held by the same person

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34
Q

What are automatic attitudes?

A

gut level resonses people dont think about

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35
Q

What are deliberate attitudes?

A

reflective responses people think about

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36
Q

What is the mere exposure effect?

A

The tendency for peoplee to like thinga because theyre in constant contact with them

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37
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

A type of pairings in through repeated pairings, a neutral stimulus comes to make a conditioned response

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38
Q

What is an unconditioned stimulus ?

A

A stimulus that naturally evokes a particular response

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39
Q

What is an unconditioned response?

A

A naturally ocurring response

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40
Q

What is a neutral stimulus?

A

A stimulus that initially evokes no response

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41
Q

What is a conditioned stimulus?

A

Neutral stimulus, through repeated pairngs with unconditioned stimulus evokes conditioned response

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42
Q

What is a conditioned response?

A

a response evoked by formerly neutral stimulus through repeated pairings

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43
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

People more likely to repeat behavuors that are rewarded, less likely to repeat behaviors hat are punished

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44
Q

What is social learning?

A

People more lilely to iitate behaviors if they see pothers being rewarded for them less likely to perform behavuor if see others being punished for it

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45
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

The uncomfortable feeling people experience when they have two thoughts or cognition conflct with each other

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46
Q

What is cognitive dissonance theory?

A

Inconsistencies produce pschological discomfort leading people to rationalize their behavior or change their attitudes

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47
Q

What is effort justification?

A

The justfication people make forn working hard that it is all worth while

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48
Q

What is Post decision dissonance?

A

Cog disonance experienced after making difficult choice. increases attractiveness of chosen alternaive, reduces attraction of rejected alternatove

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49
Q

What is selective exposure?

A

People select info tht supports their preexsisting views avoid ifo that does not support prreexsisting views

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50
Q

What are filter bubbles?

A

Algrithims that suggest what user might want to see based on their previous likesand info available about user

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51
Q

What is the A-B problem?

A

the problem of inconsistency between attitudes (A) and behaviors (B)

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52
Q

What is accessability?

A

hown easily something comes to mind/

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53
Q

What are behavioral intentions?

A

an individuals plans to perform the behavior in question

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54
Q

what are subjective norms?

A

an individuals perceptions about whether signifigant others think he or she should perform behavuor in question

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55
Q

What is perceived behavioral control?

A

Individs beliefs about whether they can actually perform behavior

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56
Q

What is belief perseverance?

A

When one’s beliefs form they are rigid and hard to change

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57
Q

What is coping?

A

how people attempt to deal with stressful traumas and go back to functioning effectively in life

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58
Q

What are assumptive worlds?

A

The view that people live in social worlds based on assumptions about reality

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59
Q

What is cognitive coping?

A

The idea that beliefs play a central role on helping people cope with and recover from misfortunes

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60
Q

What is downward comparison?

A

The act of comparing ones self to people who are worse off

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61
Q

What is upward conparison?

A

The act of comparing ones self to those who are better off

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62
Q

What is Normative influence?

A

Going alog with the crowd in order to be liked and accepted

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63
Q

What is autokinetic effect?

A

illusion, caused by very slight movements of the eye, that a stationary point of light in a dark room is moving

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64
Q

What are group norms?

A

Set ideas, beliefs, action behaviors groups of people accept as normal

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65
Q

What is informational influence?

A

Going along with crowd because you percieve them as knowing more than you

66
Q

What is Pluraistic ignorance?

A

Looking to others for cues about how to behave ; while they are looking to you

67
Q

What term describes “a genuine inner belief that others are right?”

A

Private acceptance

68
Q

What term describes, “outwardly going along with the group but maintaining a private inner belief that the group ois probably wrong”

A

Public compliance

69
Q

What term describes, “Influence technique based on commitment, in which one starts with a small request in order to gain eventual compliance with a larger request”

A

Foot-in-the-door-technique

70
Q

What is Low ball technique?

A

Influence technique based on commitment, i which person gets another to comply with a seemingly ow cost request and addotionally later reveals hidden costs

71
Q

What is the bait and switch technique?

A

One draws people in with attractive offer that is unavaliable then switches them to a less attractive offer that is avaliable

72
Q

What is the Labeling technique?

A

One assigns label to individual, and requests favor consistent with that label

73
Q

What is the term that describes “One starts with an inflated request and then retreats to a smaller request that appears to be a concession?

A

Door-in-the-face- technique

74
Q

What term describes, “One first makes inflated requesr but before person can respond , sweetens the deal by offering adiscout or bonus?

A

Thats not all technique

75
Q

What is the limited number technique?

A

Influence technique based on scarcity, one tells person item is in short supply

76
Q

What is the fast approaching deadline techniue?

A

Influence techniqe based on scarcity, when one person tells them a price or item only available for limited number of time

77
Q

What is an “Influence techbnique in whcih one captures peoples attention as by making a novel request”?

A

Pique technique

78
Q

What is the dirsruot then reframe technique?

A

Influence technique in which one disrupts crit thinking by ntroducing an unexpected element, then reframes message in positive light

79
Q

What is persuasion?

A

An attmpt to change a persons attitude

80
Q

What is a source?

A

Individual who delievers message

81
Q

What is the sleeper effect?

A

The finding that over time people seperate the message from the messanger

82
Q

What is expertise

A

How much a source knows

83
Q

What is trustworthiness?

A

whether a source will honestly tell you what he or she knows

84
Q

Convert communicators

A

People percevied as credible sources because they are arguin against their own previously held attitudes and behavuors?

85
Q

What is the Halo effect/

A

Facade that if people poses one desriable trait they poses many

86
Q

What is the inverted u shape relatinship?

A

a relationship tht looks like upside down u when plotted

87
Q

What is advertisement wear out?

A

inattention and irratstion to seeing a comercial too many times

88
Q

What is repetition with variation?

A

Repeating same info but in a varied format

89
Q

What is receptivity?

A

Whether you understand message

90
Q

What is yeilding?

A

Whether you accept or change attitude towatds message

91
Q

What is need for cognition?

A

Tendency to engage in and enoy effortful thinking analysis and problem solving

92
Q

What is elaboration likelihood model?

A

Two routes to persuasion: via either conscious or autimatic

93
Q

What is the central route?

A

Route to persuasio that involves careful and thoughtful consideration of the content of the message

94
Q

What is the peripheral route?

A

Route to persuasion involves some simple cue such as attractiveness of the sourced

95
Q

What is personal relevance?

A

degree to which people expect an issue to have signifigant consequences for their own lives

96
Q

What us a negative attitude change?

A

doing opposite of what one is being persuaded to do

97
Q

What is prosocial behavior?

A

doing something that is good for other people or for society as a whole

98
Q

What is rule of law?

A

when members of society respect and follow rules

99
Q

What is reciprocity?

A

the obligation to return what another has done

100
Q

What is moral reasoning?

A

using logical deductions to make moral judgements based on abstyract orinciples of right and wrong

101
Q

What are moral institutions?

A

judgements that occur automaticlly and rely on emotional feelings

102
Q

What is cooperation?

A

working together with somdeone for mutual or repriciprici benefit

103
Q

What is prisoners dilemma?

A

Choosing between cooperation or competition

104
Q

What is a non zero sum game?

A

an interaction in which both particioants can win

105
Q

What is a zero sum game?

A

One winner

106
Q

What is forgiveness?

A

ceasing to feel anger or a sewnse of retribuyion to soeone who has wronged you

107
Q

What is Obedience ?

A

Following orders from authority figure

108
Q

Conformity

A

going along w/ crowd

109
Q

Trust

A

reliabilty or validity of something or someone

110
Q

What is Kin selection?

A

The tendency to help those who share our genes

111
Q

Empathy?

A

reacting to someones emotional state by miiroring their emotions

112
Q

What is “when a helper seeks to increase his or her own welfare by helping another?

A

Egotistic helping

113
Q

Whar is “when a helper sees to increase his or her own welfare and expects nothing in return?

A

Altruistic helpokng?

114
Q

What is trhe empathy -altruism hypthesis

A

the idea that empathy motivates people to reduce other peoples distress as by helping or comforting

115
Q

What is belef in a just world

A

more or less, abstract liberalism- people get whathey deserve

116
Q

What is the bystander effect?

A

the finding that people are less likly to offer help when in a group as opposed to alone

117
Q

What is pluralistic ignorance?

A

Looking to others for cues in how to behave while they are looking at you

118
Q

In relation to obstacles to helping, what is the reduction in feeling rewsponsible that occurs when others aqre present?

A

diffusion of responsibility

119
Q

In relation to obstacles to helping, what is failure to help in front pof others fir fear of feeling like a fool if one’s offer of help is rejected?

A

Audience inhibition

120
Q

What is volunteering?

A

planned nonimpulsive decision to help others

121
Q

What is moral inclusion?

A

treat all as ingroup members

122
Q

What is agression?

A

any behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid the harm

123
Q

What is displaced aggression?

A

any behavior that inentionally harms a substitute target rather than the provocateur

124
Q

What is direct aggressiom?

A

any behavior that intentionally harms another person whon is pphysically present

125
Q

What is indirect aggression?

A

behavior that intentonally harms someone that is not physically presewnt

126
Q

What is Reacvtive agression?

A

Behavior motivated by the desire to harm someone

127
Q

What is Proactive aggression?

A

Premediated harmful behavior enacted to ensure some means to an end

128
Q

What is Persistent aggression by a perpetrator against a victim for the purpose of establoshing a power relationship over the victim?

A

Bullying

129
Q

What is The use of internet to bully others?

A

Cyberbullyinh

130
Q

What has a goal of aggression which manifests itself in extreme violence or harm enacted on another being?

A

Violence

131
Q

What is antisocial behavior?

A

Behavior that either damages interpersonal relationshipsor is culturally undesirable.

132
Q

What is Instinct

A

innate tendency to achieve some goal

133
Q

What is eros?

A

in Freudian theory the constructive life-giving instinct

134
Q

What is Thantos?

A

In freudian Theory, the destructive death instinct

135
Q

What is, “Observing and copying or imitating the behavior of others”

A

Modeling

136
Q

What are the two definitions that comprise the Frustration-Aggressio Hypothesis?

A
  1. The occurance of aggressive behavioralways presupposes the exsistence of frustration and
  2. The exsistece of frustration always leads to some form of aggression
137
Q

What is Frustration?

A

Interference of a personal goal

138
Q

What is Hostile attribution bias?

A

The tendency to percieve amigious actions by others as aggressive

139
Q

What is Hostile perception bias?

A

The tendcency to percieve social interactions in general as being aggressive

140
Q

What is the Hostile Expectation Bias?

A

The tendency to assume that people will react to potential conflict with aggression

141
Q

What is fight or flight syndrome?

A

A response to stress that invoilves aggressing against others or running away

142
Q

What is tend and befriend syndrome?

A

Response to stress, involvesnurturing othersd and making friends

143
Q

What is relational aggression?

A

Behavior that involves intentionally harming another persons social relationships feelings of acceprtance or inclusion within a grouo

144
Q

What is Domestic Violence?

A

Pysically harmful actions that take olace within close interpersonal relationship

145
Q

What is Weapons Effect?

A

The increase in aggression that occurs as a result of the mere presencene of a weapon

146
Q

What is density?

A

The number of people divided by the area of the space they share

147
Q

What is crowding?

A

the subjective and unpleseant feeling that there are too many peoplein a given area

148
Q

What is testosterone?

A

male sex hormone. high levels of which have been linked to aggression

149
Q

What is serotonin?

A

The feel good neurotransmitte, low levels of which have been linked to aggression and violence in both animals and humans

150
Q

What is Running Amok?

A

Malaysian culture refers to this as person becoming uncontrollably violent after blow to ego

151
Q

What is Culture of honor?

A

Society places high value on individual respect, strength and virture andaaccepts violence if they are defending their honor

152
Q

What is Honor Killing?

A

Killing another individual who has brought dishonor to a family memeber

153
Q

What is Humiliation?

A

A state of disgrace or loss of self respect

154
Q

What is Lying?

A

Making a false statement deliberately to mislead someone

155
Q

What is Plagarize?

A

To claim ideas or thoughts of someone else and present them as yours

156
Q

What is identity theft?

A

Stealing someones identitity and using it without their permission

157
Q

What is Deindividuation

A

A sense of anominity and loss of individualitymaking people likely to ngage in antisocial behavior especially in large groups

158
Q

What are norms?

A

Social standards

159
Q

Whatare injuctive norms?

A

Norms that specify what most others approve of disapprove of

160
Q

What are descriptive norms?

A

Norms that specify what most people do

161
Q

What is Psychological reactance?

A

The unplesant emotional response people experience when someone is trying to restrict their freedomto engage in a desired behavior

Psych 321: Social Psych (10 decks)

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